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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Requirements of ISO/IEC 27001:2022 | 30% | - General requirements and ISMS scope definition
|
| Fundamental Concepts of Information Security | 15% | - Information security principles and definitions
|
| Information Security Controls (ISO/IEC 27002:2022) | 25% | - Control categories and implementation guidance
|
| Auditing Principles and Practices | 30% | - Audit execution
|
>> ISO-IEC-27001-Lead-Auditor-CN證照信息 <<
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問題 #65
情境 8:EsBank 自 9 月起為愛沙尼亞銀行業提供銀行和金融解決方案
2010年,該公司在全國擁有30家分行和100多台ATM機。
EsBank 在高度監管的行業中運營,必須遵守許多有關資料安全和隱私的法律和法規。他們需要透過實施技術和非技術控制來管理整個營運的資訊安全。 EsBank 決定實施基於 ISO/IEC 的 ISMS
27001,因為它提供了更好的安全性、更多的風險控制以及符合法律法規的關鍵要求。
在成功實施 ISMS 九個月後,EsBank 決定由獨立認證機構根據 ISO/IEC 27001 對其 ISMS 進行認證。
第一階段和第二階段審核是共同進行的,發現了一些不符合項。第一個不合格之處與 EsBank 的資訊標籤有關。該公司有資訊分類方案,但沒有資訊標籤程序。因此,需要相同保護等級的文件將被貼上不同的標籤(有時為機密,有時為敏感)。
考慮到所有文件也以電子方式存儲,不合格情況也影響了媒體處理。審計小組透過抽樣得出結論,200 個可移動媒體中有 50 個儲存了被錯誤分類為機密的敏感資訊。根據資訊分類方案,允許將機密資訊儲存在可移動媒體中,而嚴格禁止儲存敏感資訊。這標誌著另一個不合格之處。
他們起草了不合格報告,並與 EsBank 代表討論了審計結論,代表同意在兩個月內針對發現的不合格問題提交行動計劃。
EsBank 接受了審計組組長提出的解決方案。他們根據實體和電子格式的分類方案起草了資訊標籤程序,解決了不合格問題。可移動媒體程式也基於此程式進行了更新。
審計完成兩週後,EsBank 提交了總體行動計畫。在那裡,他們解決了檢測到的不合格問題以及採取的糾正措施,但沒有包括有關受影響的系統、控製或操作的任何詳細資訊。審核小組評估了該行動計劃並得出結論,該計劃將解決不合格問題。然而,EsBank 收到了不利的認證建議。
根據上述場景,回答以下問題:
根據情境 8,審核小組評估了行動計畫並得出結論,該計畫將解決檢測到的不符合項。這是可以接受的嗎?
答案:A
解題說明:
Yes, the audit team must evaluate the action plan and verify if it is appropriate for correcting the detected nonconformities. This is part of the auditor's responsibilities to ensure that the proposed actions adequately address the issues identified during the audit.
問題 #66
您是 ISMS 審計團隊負責人,負責在客戶的資料中心進行後續審計。
現場兩天后,您得出結論,在促使進行後續審核的最初 12 項輕微不符合項和 1 項重大不符合項中,只有 1 項輕微不符合項仍未解決。
選擇您可以採取的動作的四個選項。
答案:B,C,E,G
解題說明:
The four options for the actions you could take are A, C, F, and G. These options are consistent with the guidance and requirements of ISO 19011:2018, Clause 6.712. You could agree with the auditee/audit client how the remaining nonconformity will be cleared, by when, and how its clearance will be verified (A), and document the agreement in the audit report1. You could close the follow-up audit as the organisation has demonstrated it is committed to clearing the nonconformities raised , and report the outcome to the audit client and other relevant parties1. You could note the progress made but hold the audit open until all corrective action has been cleared (F), and determine the need for another follow-up audit or other actions1.
You could also advise the individual managing the audit programme of any decision taken regarding the outstanding nonconformity (G), as they are responsible for the overall management and coordination of the audit programme3. The other options are either not appropriate or not necessary for the situation. You should not recommend that the outstanding minor nonconformity is dealt with at the next surveillance audit (B), as this may compromise the audit objectives and the audit programme1. You should not recommend suspension of the organisation's certification as they have failed to implement the agreed corrections and corrective actions within the agreed timescale (D), as this is not within your role or authority as an ISMS auditor4. You should not advise the auditee that you will arrange for the next audit to be an online audit to deal with the outstanding nonconformity (E), as this may not be feasible or effective depending on the nature and complexity of the nonconformity1. You should not conduct an unannounced follow-up audit on-site to review the one outstanding minor nonconformity once it has been cleared (H), as this may not be in accordance with the audit agreement or the audit programme1. References: 1: ISO 19011:2018, Guidelines for auditing management systems, Clause 6.7 \n2: PECB Certified ISO/IEC 27001 Lead Auditor Exam Preparation Guide, Domain 6: Closing an ISO/IEC 27001 audit \n3: ISO 19011:2018, Guidelines for auditing management systems, Clause 5.3 \n4: ISO/IEC 27006:2022, Information technology - Security techniques - Requirements for bodies providing audit and certification of information security management systems, Clause 9.6
問題 #67
您正在一家提供醫療保健服務的住宅療養院 (ABC) 進行 ISMS 審核。審核計劃的下一步是驗證 ABC 醫療保健行動應用程式開發、支援和生命週期流程的資訊安全性。在審核過程中,您了解到該組織將行動應用程式開發外包給了一家具有 CMMI 5 級、ITSM(ISO/IEC 20000-
1)、BCMS (ISO 22301) 和 ISMS (ISO/IEC 27001) 認證。
IT經理介紹了軟體安全管理流程,並將流程總結如下:
行動應用程式開發至少應採用「設計安全」和「預設安全」原則。應具備以下個人資料保護安全功能:
存取控制。
個人資料加密,即高階加密標準(AES)演算法,金鑰長度:256位元;個人資料假名化。
已檢查漏洞,無安全後門
您採樣最新的行動應用測試報告,詳細資訊如下:
您詢問 IT 經理,為什麼組織仍在使用行動應用程序,而個人資料加密和假名化測試卻失敗了。此外,服務經理是否有權批准測試。
IT經理解釋說,根據軟體安全管理程序,測試結果應由他批准。
加密和假名功能失敗的原因是這些功能嚴重降低了系統和服務效能。需要額外 150% 的資源來滿足這一點。服務經理同意存取控制足夠好並且可以接受。這就是服務經理簽署批准書的原因。
您正在準備審計結果。選擇正確的選項。
答案:A
解題說明:
The correct option is D. There is a nonconformity (NC). The Service Manager does not comply with the software security management procedure. (Relevant to clause 8.1, control A.8.30). The IT Manager should have approved the test results according to the software security management procedure, not the Service Manager. The Service Manager's decision to accept the failed security tests also violates the "security-by-design" and "security-by-default" principles that the organization adopted. The other options are either incorrect or irrelevant. The organization and developer did perform acceptance tests, but they failed (B, C). The Service Manager's decision to continue the service does not justify the nonconformity (A). Reference: 1: ISO/IEC 27001:2022, Information technology - Security techniques - Information security management systems - Requirements, Clause 8.1 \n2: PECB Certified ISO/IEC 27001 Lead Auditor Exam Preparation Guide, Domain 5: Conducting an ISO/IEC 27001 audit
問題 #68
情境 4
SendPay是一家金融服務公司,專注於透過代理商和機構網路提供全球匯款服務。作為市場新秀,SendPay致力於提供優質服務,其去年推出的免手續費數位平台讓客戶可以隨時隨地透過智慧型手機和筆記型電腦收發款項。當時,SendPay將軟體營運外包給外部團隊,該團隊也負責管理公司的技術基礎設施。
最近,該公司在實施資訊安全管理系統 (ISMS) 近一年後,申請了 ISO/IEC 27001 認證。
在審計過程中,審計人員重點審查了 SendPay 的外包業務,特別是外包公司負責的軟體開發和技術基礎設施維護。
他們採取了一套結構化的方法,其中包括審查和評估SendPay用於監控外包業務品質的流程。這包括核實該公司是否履行了合約義務,確保其在聘用外包實體方面擁有適當的管理程序,以及評估SendPay在預期或意外終止外包協議的情況下所採取的應對措施。
然而,審計人員委婉地指出,SendPay的協議並未充分考慮到外包協議意外取消的情況。此外,SendPay委派的技術專家協助審計人員,提供了與受審計外包業務相關的專業知識和經驗。
審計團隊計算了員工接受資訊安全管理系統 (ISMS) 培訓的小時數,以確保其符合既定目標。他們也基於審計期間抽取的樣本,計算了資訊安全事件的平均解決時間,從而深入了解了 SendPay 的事件管理實務。此外,審計人員還評估了審計期間收集的證據的可靠性。他們考慮了影響審計證據可靠性的多個因素。例如,與照片相比,監視錄影提供的證據更為客觀。時間因素也對可靠性起著至關重要的作用,交易記錄等機制可以增強證據的可信度。
SendPay 使用雲端平台來提高營運效率和可擴展性。然而,由於資源限制,審計人員在審計過程中並未要求 SendPay 提供其雲端活動清單,而是依賴 SendPay 的陳述。
問題
SendPay 的審計是否包含了外包營運審計的所有必要步驟?
答案:A
解題說明:
The correct answer is B, because the audit did not fully address all necessary steps required for auditing outsourced operations under ISO/IEC 27001:2022. While the auditors reviewed several important aspects, including contractual obligations, governance arrangements, and quality monitoring processes, the scenario clearly states that SendPay's protocols did not fully address contingencies for unanticipated cancellations of outsourcing agreements. This represents a gap in the audit coverage.
ISO/IEC 27001:2022 requires organizations to ensure that information security requirements are addressed in supplier relationships throughout the entire lifecycle, including planning for termination. Annex A controls relating to supplier relationships require organizations to consider continuity, security responsibilities, and exit arrangements to protect information assets when outsourcing agreements end, whether expected or unexpected.
Although the auditors assessed monitoring mechanisms and contractual compliance, identifying that termination contingencies were not fully addressed indicates that this critical area was insufficiently covered.
Therefore, the audit did not include all necessary steps to fully evaluate outsourced operations. Option A is incorrect because the scenario explicitly identifies a missing element. Option C is incorrect because the audit went beyond quality monitoring and included governance, contractual obligations, and termination planning, even though that planning was incomplete.
Thus, the most accurate conclusion is that the audit overlooked crucial steps related to termination arrangements, making option B correct.
問題 #69
情境5
CyberShielding Systems Inc. 提供涵蓋整個資訊技術基礎設施的安全服務。該公司提供網路安全軟體,包括終端安全、防火牆和防毒軟體。二十年來,CyberShielding Systems Inc. 透過先進的產品和服務,幫助眾多企業保障網路安全。憑藉在資訊和網路安全領域的卓越聲譽,CyberShielding Systems Inc. 決定實施基於 ISO/IEC 27001 的安全資訊管理系統 (ISMS) 並獲得認證,以更好地保護其內部和客戶資產,並獲得競爭優勢。
認證機構啟動了這個流程,首先選定了 CyberShielding Systems Inc. 的 ISO 審核團隊。
/IEC 27001認證。他們向該公司提供了每位審核員的姓名和背景資訊。然而,經審查,CyberShielding Systems Inc.發現其中一位審核員不具備其要求的安全許可。因此,該公司對該審核員的任命提出異議。經審查,認證機構應CyberShielding Systems Inc.的異議更換了該審核員。
作為審計流程的一部分,CyberShielding Systems Inc. 的風險與機會識別方法被單獨評估。這包括審查該公司識別和管理風險與機會的方法。審計團隊的核心目標包括確保 CyberShielding Systems Inc. 的風險與機會識別機制的有效性,並審查該公司應對已識別風險與機會的策略。在此過程中,審計團隊還發現防火牆配置審查流程存在監管不力的風險,即未經適當批准就實施了變更,這可能使公司面臨安全漏洞。這項發現凸顯了加強內部控制以防止此類問題發生的必要性。
審計團隊查閱了流程描述和組織結構圖,以了解主要業務流程和控制措施。由於第三方服務提供者的限制,他們對IT基礎設施和應用程式的存取權限有限,因此對IT風險和控制措施的分析也較為有限。然而,審計團隊指出,由於CyberShielding公司的大部分流程都已實現自動化,其資訊安全管理系統(ISMS)出現重大缺陷的風險較低。因此,他們透過詢問CyberShielding公司的代表有關IT職責、控制有效性和反惡意軟體措施等方面的問題,評估了該ISMS整體上是否符合標準要求。 CyberShielding公司的代表提供了充分且適當的證據來回答所有這些問題。
儘管在審計之前簽署了協議,其中概述了審計範圍、標準和目標,但審計主要集中在評估是否符合既定標準以及確保遵守法律法規要求。
問題
審計團隊辨識出了哪種審計風險?請參考情境5。
答案:B
解題說明:
The audit team identified control risk, making option B the correct answer. Control risk refers to the risk that an organization's internal controls will fail to prevent, detect, or correct a material issue or security weakness.
In the scenario, the audit team identified a lack of oversight in the firewall configuration review process, where changes were implemented without proper approval. This clearly indicates a weakness in internal control mechanisms.
Firewall configuration management is a key security control area. The absence of proper approval and review processes increases the likelihood that unauthorized or insecure changes could be introduced, exposing the organization to vulnerabilities. This does not represent inherent risk, which relates to risks arising naturally from the nature of the business or environment. Instead, it highlights a failure in the design or operation of controls intended to manage those risks.
Option C is incorrect because detection risk relates to the possibility that auditors fail to identify existing issues during the audit. In this case, the auditors successfully identified the weakness, so detection risk is not applicable. Option A is incorrect because the issue does not stem from the inherent nature of CyberShielding' s operations but from inadequate control oversight.
Therefore, the identified issue is best classified as control risk, as it reflects deficiencies in internal control effectiveness within the ISMS.
問題 #70
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