ASHRM CPHRM인증은 아주 중요한 인증시험중의 하나입니다. DumpTOP의 베터랑의 전문가들이 오랜 풍부한 경험과 IT지식으로 만들어낸 IT관연인증시험 자격증자료들입니다. 이런 자료들은 여러분이ASHRM인증시험중의CPHRM시험을 안전하게 패스하도록 도와줍니다. DumpTOP에서 제공하는 덤프들은 모두 100%통과 율을 보장하며 그리고 일년무료 업뎃을 제공합니다
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ASHRM인증 CPHRM시험을 패스하여 자격증을 취득하는게 꿈이라구요? DumpTOP에서 고객님의ASHRM인증 CPHRM시험패스꿈을 이루어지게 지켜드립니다. DumpTOP의 ASHRM인증 CPHRM덤프는 가장 최신시험에 대비하여 만들어진 공부자료로서 시험패스는 한방에 끝내줍니다.
질문 # 54
Which of the following factors should be considered when setting or adjusting indemnity reserves?
* incurred medical expenses
* emotional pain and suffering
* medical expert witness costs
* future cost of medical care
정답：A
설명：
According to Health Care Risk Management principles established by ASHRM and the American Hospital Association Certification Center, indemnity reserves represent the estimated amount the organization expects to pay in settlement or judgment to a claimant. Indemnity refers specifically to damages paid to compensate the injured party, not defense or administrative expenses.
Incurred medical expenses are a core component of economic damages and must be included in indemnity reserve calculations. Emotional pain and suffering fall under non-economic damages and are also considered when estimating potential settlement or verdict value. Future cost of medical care is another essential factor, particularly in cases involving long-term injury or disability, as it represents projected economic damages that may substantially increase exposure.
Medical expert witness costs, however, are categorized as defense expenses and are typically included in allocated loss adjustment expenses rather than indemnity reserves. These costs relate to the defense of the claim rather than compensation to the plaintiff.
Risk management objectives emphasize accurate differentiation between indemnity and expense reserves to ensure proper financial reporting and regulatory compliance. Therefore, incurred medical expenses, pain and suffering, and future medical costs should be considered when setting indemnity reserves, while expert witness costs should not.
질문 # 55
The source of many medication errors is:
정답：B
설명：
Verbal/telephone orders are widely recognized aserror-pronebecause they can be misheard, misunderstood, or transcribed incorrectly-especially with sound-alike drug names, confusing numerals (15 vs 50), background noise, accents, and interruptions. ISMP and patient safety advisories recommend minimizing verbal orders whenever possible and using safeguards such as read-back/confirm-back, spelling drug names, stating digits individually, and documenting promptly. Risk management objectives include reducing reliance on memory and imperfect communication by prioritizing written or electronic orders (CPOE), standardizing when verbal orders are permitted (true emergencies), and auditing compliance to prevent unsafe normalization. Because medication errors can cause severe harm, controlling verbal order risk is a high-yield safety intervention and improves legal defensibility by aligning practice with recognized safety recommendations.
질문 # 56
In preparing next year's budget, the hospital CFO has contacted the risk manager for a projected contribution to the hospital's professional and general liability self-insured retention fund. To respond to this request, the risk manager should refer to which of the following?
정답：B
설명：
According to Health Care Risk Management standards supported by ASHRM and the American Hospital Association Certification Center, projecting contributions to a self-insured retention fund requires actuarially sound financial forecasting. Actuarial reports use historical claims data, trend analyses, loss development factors, and exposure projections to estimate future liabilities and required funding levels. Loss run reports provide detailed historical claims information, including paid losses, reserves, and claim status, which serve as foundational data for actuarial modeling.
Professional and general liability premiums are relevant to insured layers above the retention but do not determine funding requirements for the retained portion. Frequency and severity analyses of pending claims are important components of actuarial evaluation but, standing alone, may not capture long-tail development or incurred but not reported claims. Total incurred losses for the current year provide limited insight without considering historical patterns and future projections.
Risk financing objectives emphasize accurate funding of retained risk to ensure financial stability, regulatory compliance, and protection of organizational assets. Therefore, actuarial reports, supported by comprehensive loss run data, provide the most reliable basis for determining projected contributions to a self-insured retention fund.
질문 # 57
Ultimately, the accountability for the risk management program belongs to:
정답：A
설명：
Boards are ultimately accountable for oversight of organizational risk, including patient safety, quality, compliance, and financial sustainability. While executives and risk leaders manage day-to-day operations, board governance sets expectations, ensures resources, monitors performance, and holds leadership accountable for corrective action. Risk management objectives at the governance level include approving risk appetite, reviewing top enterprise risks, ensuring systems exist for event reporting and learning, and verifying that mitigation plans are implemented and effective. In litigation and regulatory scrutiny, board oversight can be a critical factor: a board that demands transparency, tracks harm signals, and supports safety investment strengthens the organization's defensibility and reduces preventable harm.
질문 # 58
A clear directive to a nurse is:
정답：B
설명：
Clear directives are specific, measurable, and time-bound-reducing ambiguity and variability that drive frontline error. "Monitor every so often" becomes safer when translated into a defined interval (e.g., every 15 minutes for the first hour, then hourly), with documentation requirements and escalation triggers. Risk management objectives emphasize standard work and reliable monitoring for high-risk equipment such as infusion pumps because device malfunction or programming errors can rapidly cause harm. Clear directives also support accountability and defensibility: they demonstrate the organization defined expectations and trained staff accordingly. Vague instructions ("be careful") do not reliably change behavior or outcomes. In high-reliability care, clarity is a safety barrier: it reduces cognitive load, prevents missed steps, and improves handoffs between staff by making the plan visible and verifiable.
질문 # 59
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ASHRM CPHRM인증시험패스에는 많은 방법이 있습니다. 먼저 많은 시간을 투자하고 신경을 써서 전문적으로 과련 지식을 터득한다거나; 아니면 적은 시간투자와 적은 돈을 들여 DumpTOP의 인증시험덤프를 구매하는 방법 등이 있습니다.
CPHRM인증자료: https://www.dumptop.com/ASHRM/CPHRM-dump.html