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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Topic 1: HTML Fundamentals | - Document structure and semantics
|
| Topic 2: Web Application Development Concepts | - Media and APIs
|
| Topic 3: JavaScript Programming | - Core JavaScript concepts
|
| Topic 4: CSS Styling | - Layout and responsive design
|
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問題 #18
The ctx variable is the context of an HTML5 canvas object. What does the following HTML markup draw?
ctx.arc(x, y, r, 0, Math.PI, true);
答案：A
解題說明：
The statement draws a semicircle at the specified point. The arc() method of the Canvas 2D API adds a circular arc to the current path. Its core parameters are the center point x, y, the radius, the starting angle, the ending angle, and an optional direction flag. In this expression, x and y define the center of the arc, and r defines its radius. The start angle is 0 radians, and the end angle is Math.PI radians. Since Math.PI represents
180 degrees, the path covers exactly half of a full circle. The final argument, true, tells the canvas context to draw the arc counterclockwise rather than using the default clockwise direction; however, the angular span remains half of the circumference. The call does not draw a complete visible shape unless the path is later stroked or filled, but the geometric path being created is a semicircular arc. It is not a straight line, square, or full circle. References/topics: Canvas 2D context, arc() method, radians, path construction, drawing arcs and circles.
問題 #19
Which two CSS segments are valid filter properties? Choose 2.
答案：A,B
解題說明：
The valid filter declarations are filter: opacity(25%) and filter: drop-shadow(16px 16px 16px red). The CSS filter property applies graphical effects to an element, commonly including image rendering effects such as blur, contrast, color shifts, transparency, and shadows. opacity(25%) is a valid filter function because filter opacity accepts a percentage or number to control the rendered transparency of the element. drop-shadow (16px 16px 16px red) is also valid because drop-shadow() is a CSS filter function, and MDN shows that it accepts two or three length values plus an optional color. box-shadow(...) is invalid in this context because box-shadow is a standalone CSS property, not a filter function; MDN explicitly distinguishes drop-shadow() from the box-shadow property. blur(25deg) is invalid because blur uses a length value such as pixels, not an angular value such as degrees. References/topics: CSS filter property, image effects, opacity filter, drop- shadow filter, valid filter-function syntax.
問題 #20
Which JavaScript method is used to draw a circle on a canvas?
答案：D
解題說明：
The correct method is arc(). In the Canvas 2D API, circles and circular arcs are drawn by creating an arc path on the canvas rendering context. MDN defines CanvasRenderingContext2D.arc() as creating a circular arc centered at (x, y) with a specified radius, start angle, end angle, and drawing direction. To draw a full circle, the common pattern is to call beginPath(), then arc(x, y, radius, 0, 2 * Math.PI), and then use stroke() or fill() to render the path. There is no standard Canvas 2D method named circle(), so option A is invalid. ellipse() can draw ellipses and can mathematically draw a circle if both radii are equal, but the classic and exam-targeted method for drawing a circle is arc(). bezierCurveTo() draws cubic Bezier curves and is used for custom curved paths, not the direct circle primitive. References/topics: Canvas 2D context, arc() method, drawing circles, radians, path rendering.
問題 #21
You are creating a form that asks a user to enter their phone number. The form must be submitted only if the phone number field is not empty and matches the format 111-444-7777. Which markup should you use?
答案：B
解題說明：
The correct markup is option D. The type= " tel " input type is appropriate for telephone-number entry, but it does not automatically validate a specific telephone-number format because phone formats vary internationally. MDN notes that tel inputs allow telephone entry but are not automatically validated to a particular format. Therefore, a pattern attribute is required to enforce the exact structure. The regular expression [0-9]{3}-[0-9] {3}-[0-9]{4} requires three digits, a hyphen, three digits, another hyphen, and four digits, matching the requested format such as 111-444-7777. MDN defines the pattern attribute as a regular expression the input value must match for constraint validation. The required attribute is also necessary because the field must not be empty; MDN states that required indicates the user must specify a value before the form can be submitted. Option A only limits length. Option B lacks hyphen validation and required.
Option C hard-codes only specific digits. References/topics: HTML5 validation, tel, pattern, required, regular expressions.
問題 #22
A local photographer asks you to add filters as shown to the images in their photo gallery so that the images are not recognizable until authorized users log in.
Example of original and filtered images:
* Original image: full-color flower image
* Filtered image: blurred grayscale image
Analyze the images on the left.
Construct a CSS selector that will apply the appropriate filters to the images to meet the requirements.
Complete the markup by moving the appropriate HTML tags from the list on the left to the correct locations on the right. You may use each HTML tag once, more than once, or not at all.
Note: There is more than one correct markup. You will receive credit for any correct markup completion.
答案：
解題說明：
Explanation:
First blank: img
Second blank: filter:
Third blank: grayscale(100%)
Fourth blank: blur(8px)
The correct CSS selector is img because the requirement applies the visual effect to gallery images. The correct property is filter:, not transform:, because CSS filters modify the rendered appearance of an element using image-processing effects such as blur, grayscale, opacity, brightness, contrast, and shadows. The filtered sample appears blurred and colorless, so the appropriate filter functions are grayscale(100%) and blur (8px). grayscale(100%) removes all color from the image, converting it to a black-and-white rendering. blur (8px) obscures visual details, making the image difficult to recognize until the protected or authorized state changes the styling. The filter keyword without a colon is not a valid CSS declaration in this context.
brightness(40%) and opacity(50%) could further obscure an image, but they are not required to reproduce the shown filtered result. The final declaration is therefore filter: grayscale(100%) blur(8px);.
問題 #23
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