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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Process Management | 5% | - Guidelines, protocols and quality improvement - Documentation, ordering and inventory management - Safety, compliance and regulatory standards |
| Nutrition Assessment | 31% | - Anthropometric, biochemical, clinical and dietary assessment - Assessment of disease impact on nutrition status - Determination of nutrition requirements and goals - Patient screening and risk identification |
| Clinical Management | 57% | - Enteral nutrition: selection, access, formulation, administration - Transition between nutrition support modalities - Parenteral nutrition: access, formulation, compounding, administration - Management of complications and metabolic disorders - Monitoring, evaluation and adjustment of nutrition therapy |
| Professional Practice | 7% | - Legal and professional responsibilities - Ethics, scope of practice and interprofessional collaboration - Education, counseling and patient advocacy |
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問題 #43
In TCM, diabetes is typically considered to be caused by all of the following except:
答案：C
解題說明：
In Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), the understanding and treatment of diabetes are quite different from Western medicine. TCM views the body as a network of energy systems that must remain in balance to maintain health. Diabetes, referred to as "Xiao Ke" disease in TCM, is often associated with symptoms like excessive thirst, hunger, and urination. According to TCM theory, the roots of diabetes can be traced back to factors such as congenital deficiency, inappropriate diet, overwork, and insufficient rest.
Congenital deficiency in TCM refers to inherent weaknesses in the body's constitution. This might be due to hereditary factors or issues that occurred during the prenatal period that affect the Qi (vital energy) and the functioning of organs like the spleen, kidney, and pancreas, which are considered crucial in the metabolism of fluids and nutrients in the body.
An inappropriate diet is another major factor believed to cause diabetes in TCM. Consuming foods that are too sweet, rich, or greasy can create an imbalance by generating excessive heat and dampness in the body. This imbalance can lead to the accumulation of phlegm and stasis, which disrupts the normal functioning of the spleen and pancreas, eventually leading to symptoms associated with diabetes.
Overwork and insufficient rest both contribute to the depletion of the body's vital substances, including Qi and Yin. This depletion can lead to a state where the body lacks the necessary energy to perform its metabolic functions effectively. In TCM, the kidney is believed to be particularly affected by overwork and insufficient rest, and kidney health is crucial in the regulation of the body's fluids and overall energy balance.
Contrary to these factors, an appropriate diet is actually recommended in TCM to prevent or manage diabetes. A balanced diet that includes all five tastes - sweet, sour, bitter, pungent, and salty - but emphasizes more bitter and sour foods, can help in maintaining proper glucose levels and overall body balance. Foods that are particularly beneficial are those that promote Yin and Qi, such as barley, yams, mushrooms, and blueberries.
Therefore, when considering the factors listed in the question congenital deficiency , inappropriate diet, overwork, insufficient rest, and appropriate diet, it is clear that "appropriate diet" is not considered a cause of diabetes in TCM but rather part of its management and prevention. Hence, it is the correct answer to the question of what is typically not considered a cause of diabetes in Traditional Chinese Medicine.
問題 #44
Serum is:
答案：D
解題說明：
Serum is a component of blood that is obtained after the removal of blood cells and the clotting factors. To understand what serum is, it's crucial to know how it is derived from blood. Blood consists of several components including red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and plasma. When blood is drawn and allowed to clot, the solid components (blood cells and clotting factors) form a clot, and the remaining liquid is what is known as serum.
This process can be facilitated by centrifugation, where the blood is spun at high speeds, causing the heavier components like blood cells and clotting factors to separate and settle at the bottom, leaving the serum as the supernatant fluid. It is essential that anticoagulants are not used in this process because their presence prevents clotting, leading instead to the creation of plasma, not serum.
Serum plays a significant role in medical diagnostics. It is commonly used in laboratory assessments as it serves as a rich source of biomarkers-substances that can be measured to assess the health of an individual. For instance, serum levels of glucose, cholesterol, proteins, and hormones can provide valuable insights into a person's metabolic processes and whether they are within normal ranges or indicative of a disease.
Furthermore, serum is used in the detection of antibodies indicating infections, autoimmune disorders, and exposure to certain pathogens. Therefore, it is a crucial tool in both clinical diagnosis and management of various medical conditions. It helps in the evaluation, diagnosis, and monitoring of patients in a broad spectrum of healthcare settings.
問題 #45
As important as good nutrition is to health, a counselor should not lose sight of the fact that other practices can have a profound negative impact on health. They include all of the following except:
答案：B
解題說明：
The question is about identifying which among the listed options does not have a negative impact on health. In the context of counseling and health, it's crucial to recognize both beneficial and harmful practices.
The first option, "cigarette smoking," is widely recognized as harmful. Smoking is a major cause of preventable diseases and deaths. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), smoking is responsible for more than 480,000 deaths per year in the United States, including deaths from direct smoking and secondhand smoke exposure. Smoking harms nearly every organ in the body, causes many diseases, and reduces overall health.
The second option, "drinking plenty of water," stands out as the only practice in the list that has a positive impact on health. Hydration is essential for maintaining bodily functions, including regulation of body temperature, joint lubrication, and transport of nutrients. Adequate water intake is vital for good health, and it helps prevent conditions such as kidney stones, constipation, and urinary tract infections.
The third option, "physical inactivity," is a known health risk. Lack of physical activity has been linked to numerous health problems, such as obesity, heart disease, diabetes, and some cancers. The World Health Organization (WHO) has identified physical inactivity as the fourth leading risk factor for global mortality, causing an estimated 3.2 million deaths globally each year.
The fourth option, "excessive alcohol," is also detrimental to health. Excessive alcohol consumption can lead to liver disease, heart disease, and certain types of cancer, as well as acute consequences like alcohol poisoning and accidents. The CDC notes that excessive alcohol use leads to approximately 95,000 deaths in the United States each year.
In conclusion, among the options provided, "drinking plenty of water" is the only one that does not have a negative impact on health and, in fact, is a recommended practice for maintaining good health. The other options-cigarette smoking, physical inactivity, and excessive alcohol-are all practices that can profoundly impact health negatively.
問題 #46
Eating contaminated foods such as undercooked hamburger, ground poultry and unpasteurized milk and apple juice can create all of the following symptoms except:
答案：C
解題說明：
Eating foods that have been contaminated by certain bacteria, viruses, or parasites can lead to a variety of gastrointestinal symptoms due to foodborne illnesses. Common culprits of contamination include undercooked meats like hamburger and ground poultry, as well as unpasteurized milk and apple juice. These foods can harbor harmful pathogens such as E. coli, Salmonella, and Listeria, which are known to cause sickness in humans.
Typical symptoms of foodborne illnesses include abdominal cramps, watery diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting. These symptoms occur as the body's immune system responds to the invading pathogens. The severity and specific symptoms can vary based on the type of pathogen involved, the amount ingested, and the individual's health and immune system.
Abdominal cramps are a common symptom and result from the intestines responding to the infection. This can cause moderate to severe discomfort and is often accompanied by bloating and gas.
Watery diarrhea is another frequent symptom of foodborne illnesses. It occurs as the body attempts to rid itself of the pathogens and toxins. Diarrhea can lead to dehydration, which is why maintaining fluid intake is crucial during an illness.
Nausea and vomiting are also typical responses to foodborne pathogens. These symptoms help expel contaminated food from the stomach and can occur alongside other symptoms like abdominal cramps and diarrhea.
However, decreased thirst is not a common symptom of foodborne illnesses. In fact, it is generally the opposite; increased thirst may occur due to the body's need to replace fluids lost from diarrhea and vomiting. Dehydration is a risk with foodborne illnesses, and it is crucial for individuals to drink plenty of fluids to help manage and recover from the illness. Therefore, the symptom "decreased thirst" does not belong to the typical profile of symptoms caused by the consumption of contaminated foods and is the correct answer to the question about which symptom is not caused by eating such foods.
問題 #47
All of the following are uses for Juniper except:
答案：D
解題說明：
Juniper, a plant known for its health benefits, is utilized in various ways in traditional medicine. It acts as a diuretic, helping the body expel excess water and salt, which can be particularly useful in conditions such as fluid retention and hypertension. This diuretic property is one of the primary reasons juniper is considered beneficial for kidney and bladder issues.
Besides its diuretic action, juniper is known for its ability to relieve inflammation and congestion. This makes it helpful in the treatment of conditions like asthma, where inflammation of the respiratory system plays a crucial role. Its anti-inflammatory properties are also advantageous in managing symptoms of gout, a condition characterized by painful inflammation of the joints.
Juniper is reputed to have effects on blood sugar regulation as well, which can be significant for managing diabetes or prediabetic conditions. Its potential to aid in regulating blood sugar levels adds to its utility in a holistic approach to treating or managing obesity and metabolic syndrome.
However, it's important to note that juniper may interfere with the absorption of iron and other minerals when taken internally. This interference can lead to deficiencies if juniper is used concurrently with other supplements without proper timing or medical advice. Thus, it should be taken separately from meals or other supplements to avoid this interaction.
From the information provided, it is clear that the statement "does not interfere with the absorption of iron and other minerals" is incorrect regarding the use of juniper. This makes it the exception in the list of uses for juniper presented in the question.
問題 #48
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我相信不論在哪個行業工作的人都希望自己有很好的職業前景。當然在競爭激烈的IT行業裏面也不例外。在IT行業中工作的專業人士也希望自己有個很好的提升機會和很大的提升空間。很多專業的IT人士都知道NUTRITION NBNSC-CNSC 認證考試可以幫你滿足這些願望的。而Fast2test是一個能幫助你成功通過NUTRITION NBNSC-CNSC 的網站。
NBNSC-CNSC在線題庫: https://tw.fast2test.com/NBNSC-CNSC-premium-file.html