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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Topic 1: Fraud Investigation and Analysis | - Data analysis in fraud detection
|
| Topic 2: Financial Crimes | - Money Laundering
|
| Topic 3: Fraud Schemes | - Financial Statement Fraud
|
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질문 # 173
A fictitious revenue scheme often results in which of the following situations?
정답：A
설명：
The correct answer is A. Fictitious revenue schemes involve recording sales that did not actually occur.
Because no real customer owes money for the fake sale, the related accounts receivable often remain unpaid and become long overdue. A rising amount of old or uncollectible receivables can therefore be a red flag that revenue was fabricated to inflate income. Option B is less direct because companies might fail to write off bad receivables for several reasons, including improper allowance estimates. Option C is inconsistent with many fictitious revenue schemes because fake credit sales commonly increase receivables. Option D, receivables paid only a few days late, does not strongly indicate fictitious sales. The ACFE materials identify fictitious revenues and accounts receivable anomalies as common financial statement fraud indicators.
질문 # 174
A fraudster is MOST LIKELY to take which of the following actions during an account takeover scheme?
정답：B
설명：
The correct answer is B. In an account takeover scheme, a fraudster gains unauthorized access to a legitimate user's account and then exploits the account for financial gain. A common method is to use stored payment card information, bank information, loyalty points, or other account credentials to place unauthorized orders or transfer value. Option A is not the best answer because fraudsters more commonly change credentials, delivery details, or security settings to maintain control, rather than merely disabling multifactor authentication immediately. Option C is incorrect because account takeover attempts often involve repeated credential stuffing or automated attacks. Option D is also unlikely because fraudsters often change contact information to intercept alerts or lock out the true account holder. Account takeover is identified in the ACFE material as an online and mobile account fraud risk.
질문 # 175
Hondo is investigating allegations of fraud in a government agency's procurement process. While reviewing procurement documentation, Hondo observes that the agency employee responsible for drafting the solicitation created unnecessarily broad specifications for the type of work the agency needed. The organization that ultimately won the contract submitted a bid that fit within the broad specifications but not the agency's more relevant specific needs. This is MOST LIKELY an example of which procurement fraud scheme?
정답：B
설명：
The correct answer is D. Bid tailoring occurs when procurement specifications are drafted to favor a particular contractor or to allow an otherwise unsuitable contractor to qualify. The ACFE material identifies overly broad specifications as one form of bid tailoring because they can be designed to include a favored vendor even though the vendor does not meet the organization's actual operational needs. Bid splitting involves dividing purchases to avoid competitive thresholds. Bid suppression involves preventing or discouraging competitors from submitting bids. Bid manipulation is broader, but the facts specifically focus on drafting specifications in a way that favors the winning contractor. Therefore, bid tailoring is the most precise classification for Hondo's finding.
질문 # 176
Not having any accounts receivable that are overdue is a common red flag of fictitious revenue schemes.
정답：B
설명：
Detailed Explanation:
* Rationale for Correct Answer: In fictitious revenue schemes , sales are recorded that never occurred.
Because no actual customers exist, there will be no late or overdue accounts receivable. The Fraud Examiners Manual (2020) notes that unusually clean receivables aging reports-i.e., no overdue balances-can be a red flag of revenue manipulation.
* Analysis of Incorrect Option:
* B. False - Incorrect; the absence of overdue receivables is indeed suspicious and aligns with fictitious revenue fraud.
* Key Concept: Financial statement fraud red flags - fictitious revenues.
Reference: ACFE Fraud Examiners Manual (2020) , Financial Statement Fraud: Fictitious Revenues .
질문 # 177
Which of the following would NOT be helpful in preventing expense reimbursement schemes?
정답：C
설명：
The ACFE Fraud Examiners Manual addresses Expense Reimbursement Schemes under Asset Misappropriation: Fraudulent Disbursements and separates the discussion into:
* Detection of Expense Reimbursement Schemes
* Prevention of Expense Reimbursement Schemes
The Manual specifically identifies "Detailed Expense Reports: Submission and Review" as the prevention approach for expense reimbursement fraud.
Why A is correct
Requiring all employees to submit receipts electronically is not, by itself, a preventive control recognized by the Manual. The ACFE's prevention focus is on requiring detailed expense reports , adequate supporting documentation, and careful review-not merely changing the format of submission from paper to electronic.
In fact, because expense reimbursement fraud often involves altered receipts , fictitious receipts , and other manipulated support, simply requiring electronic submission does not meaningfully prevent the scheme. The Manual lists schemes such as altered receipts and producing fictitious receipts , showing that the problem is the authenticity and review of documentation, not whether the receipt is submitted electronically.
Why the other options are helpful
B). Comparing current expenses to budgeted expense amounts
This is helpful because the Manual includes review and analysis of expense accounts as part of detecting these schemes. Comparing reported expenses to expected or budgeted levels can reveal unusual spikes or anomalies that may indicate fraud.
C). Requiring employees to explain the specific business purpose of each expense This is clearly helpful and consistent with the Manual's prevention emphasis on detailed expense reports and proper documentation. Requiring a specific business purpose makes it harder to submit personal, inflated, or fictitious expenses.
D). Comparing current expenses to historical expenditure amounts
This is also helpful because the Manual's review and analysis of expense accounts supports analytical comparisons to identify irregularities, trends, or unexplained increases in reimbursements. Historical comparison is a classic way to spot padded or abnormal expense claims.
Conclusion
Under the ACFE Manual, prevention of expense reimbursement schemes depends on detailed reporting, documentation, and review . Merely requiring receipts to be submitted electronically does not address whether the receipts are false, altered, duplicated, or unsupported. Therefore, the choice that would NOT be helpful in preventing expense reimbursement schemes is:
A). Requiring all employees to submit receipts electronically
References
* ACFE Fraud Examiners Manual, 2020 International Edition
* Expense Reimbursement Schemes
* Detection of Expense Reimbursement Schemes / Review and Analysis of Expense Accounts
* Prevention of Expense Reimbursement Schemes / Detailed Expense Reports: Submission and Review
* Altered Receipts / Producing Fictitious Receipts
질문 # 178
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