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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Security Operations | 34% | - Security Monitoring and Analysis
|
| Incident Response and Management | 24% | - Incident Handling and Investigation
|
| Vulnerability Management | 26% | - Vulnerability Assessment and Remediation
|
| Reporting and Communication | 16% | - Documentation and Stakeholder Communication
|
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NEW QUESTION # 82
A vulnerability analyst runs a credentialed vulnerability scan covering all addressable enterprise assets. After running the scan, the analyst discovers a large number of critical vulnerabilities that cannot be immediately remediated. Which of the following are the most likely reasons why the vulnerabilities cannot be immediately addressed?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Legacy or proprietary systems may not support current patches, fixes may not yet exist, and remediation may depend on vendor testing or approval.
NEW QUESTION # 83
Which of the following will inhibit remediation when attempting to resolve a vulnerability?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Legacy systems commonly inhibit vulnerability remediation because they may depend on obsolete operating systems, unsupported applications, specialized hardware, outdated protocols, or vendor products for which security updates are no longer provided. Even when a vulnerability is accurately identified, the organization may be unable to apply a modern patch without breaking compatibility, interrupting a critical business process, or violating vendor support requirements.
NIST guidance explicitly recognizes that legacy systems create unique security-management challenges, while federal cybersecurity guidance warns that products remaining in service after vendor support ends may lack effective mechanisms for addressing newly discovered vulnerabilities.
In such circumstances, vulnerability-management teams may need to use compensating controls such as segmentation, firewall restrictions, application allowlisting, stronger access controls, enhanced monitoring, or service isolation while planning migration or replacement. These controls reduce exposure but do not remove the underlying software defect.
"Controlled systems," "shared systems," and "closed systems" do not inherently prevent remediation. A shared system may require greater coordination, but it can still be fully supported and patchable. The defining issue with legacy technology is that technical and vendor constraints can directly prevent normal remediation .
Study Guide Reference: Vulnerability Management # Remediation Constraints # Legacy Systems # End-of- Life Technology # Patch Availability # Compensating Controls # System Replacement.
NEW QUESTION # 84
A managed service provider manages servers in customer-assigned Internet Protocol spaces. The provider discovers that these servers are not included in scheduled network scans, but the provider cannot scan the servers without the customers' explicit permission. Which of the following scanning methods should the provider use to scan these individual servers?
Answer: B
Explanation:
Agent-based scans allow security assessments to be performed directly on individual servers without requiring network-level scanning permissions, making them suitable when servers reside in customer-controlled IP spaces and explicit consent is needed per system.
NEW QUESTION # 85
A security architect reviews a report from a third-party incident response consultant and observes the following:
Which of the following frameworks did the consultant use to perform analysis?
Answer: E
Explanation:
The framework is the Diamond Model of Intrusion Analysis . The Diamond Model represents malicious activity using four core interconnected features: adversary, infrastructure, capability, and victim . This structure allows incident responders and threat-intelligence analysts to examine relationships between who conducted an intrusion, the technical resources used, the capabilities or tools involved, and the targeted organization or asset.
The original Diamond Model paper explicitly defines an intrusion event around these four core features and connects them in a diamond-shaped analytical structure. This relational approach is particularly useful for correlating separate intrusion events, identifying common infrastructure, associating capabilities with adversaries, and developing broader campaign intelligence.
STRIDE is a threat-modeling categorization method covering spoofing, tampering, repudiation, information disclosure, denial of service, and elevation of privilege. MITRE ATT & CK organizes real-world adversary behavior according to tactics and techniques. The Cyber Kill Chain organizes intrusion activity into sequential attack stages. The NIST Cybersecurity Framework is a broader cybersecurity risk-management framework rather than an intrusion-event relationship model.
Therefore, a diagram or report organized around adversary-capability-infrastructure-victim relationships specifically identifies the Diamond Model.
Study Guide Reference: Incident Response and Management # Attack Methodology Frameworks # Diamond Model of Intrusion Analysis # Adversary # Infrastructure # Capability # Victim.
NEW QUESTION # 86
Which of the following is the most important component to include in the preparation phase of an incident response plan?
Answer: B
Explanation:
Clearly defined roles and responsibilities are foundational to incident-response preparation because responders must know in advance who has authority to make decisions and who performs specific technical, management, legal, communications, and recovery functions. Attempting to determine ownership while an active compromise is developing introduces delays, duplicated effort, communication failures, and potentially conflicting actions.
Preparation should define escalation paths, decision-making authority, contact mechanisms, incident leadership, technical responsibilities, evidence-management responsibilities, and coordination with business, legal, privacy, communications, and external parties where applicable. NIST's current incident-response guidance emphasizes preparation across organizational risk-management activities so organizations can respond and recover efficiently when incidents occur.
An after-action report is produced after an incident and documents the event, response actions, recovery, and lessons learned. Data-integrity validation is important during evidence analysis and recovery but is not the primary organizational foundation of preparation. Chain of custody must be established when evidence is collected and transferred, particularly where legal proceedings may occur, but it represents one procedure within a broader incident-response capability.
Without predefined ownership, even technically sound procedures may fail operationally.
Study Guide Reference: Incident Response and Management # Preparation # Incident Response Plan # Roles and Responsibilities # Escalation # Communication # Authority and Coordination.
NEW QUESTION # 87
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