Cilium-Associate過去問題、Cilium-Associate復習対策

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Linux Foundation Cilium-Associate Exam Syllabus Topics:

SectionWeightObjectives
Topic 1: Cluster Mesh10%- Multi-cluster connectivity and service discovery
- Cross-cluster load balancing and failover
Topic 2: eBPF10%- eBPF fundamentals and relevance to Cilium
- eBPF-based networking, security, and observability
Topic 3: Network Observability10%- Hubble UI and troubleshooting basics
- Hubble architecture and CLI usage
- Layer 7 visibility and flow monitoring
Topic 4: Network Policy18%- Cilium vs Kubernetes network policies
- Policy enforcement modes
- Identity-aware and L3–L7 policy models
Topic 5: BGP and External Networking6%- BGP peering and service advertisement
- External gateway integration
Topic 6: Installation and Configuration10%- Post-install validation and connectivity testing
- Deployment methods (Helm, cilium-cli)
Topic 7: Architecture20%- CNI integration and kube-proxy replacement
- Cilium core architecture and components
Topic 8: Service Mesh16%- Ingress and Gateway API integration
- Transparent traffic encryption
- Sidecar vs sidecarless architecture

>> Cilium-Associate過去問題 <<

更新するCilium-Associate|100%合格率のCilium-Associate過去問題試験|試験の準備方法Cilium Certified AssociateCCA復習対策

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Linux Foundation Cilium Certified AssociateCCA 認定 Cilium-Associate 試験問題 (Q38-Q43):

質問 # 38
Which encapsulation protocols are supported when configuring Cilium in tunnel mode?

正解:D

解説:
Technical explanation
Cilium tunnel mode supports VXLAN and Geneve encapsulation. In this routing model, Cilium nodes form an overlay mesh, and traffic exchanged between nodes is carried inside UDP-encapsulated packets. VXLAN is the default tunnel protocol and normally uses UDP port 8472. Geneve is the alternative and normally uses UDP port 6081. Operators select the protocol through the tunnel-protocol configuration setting, whose documented values are vxlan and geneve .
Encapsulation reduces the requirements placed on the underlying network. The underlay only needs to provide IP connectivity between the Kubernetes nodes and permit the selected UDP tunnel port. It does not need to learn or route individual PodCIDRs. Cilium also uses the tunnel metadata to carry information such as the source security identity, avoiding an additional identity lookup on the receiving node.
MPLS, OTV, STT, and EVPN are not supported values for Cilium's tunnel-protocol setting. EVPN may be used in broader data-center network designs, and MPLS is a carrier-routing technology, but neither is a Cilium overlay encapsulation choice. Therefore, B is the only supported pair.
Official references
Cilium Routing ; System Requirements .
Study Guide topic: Architecture.


質問 # 39
You must add Hubble to your Kubernetes cluster where Cilium is NOT the installed CNI. Your cluster is already running in production and you must minimise downtime.
Which method is the most appropriate?

正解:D

解説:
Technical explanation
Hubble obtains its visibility from Cilium's eBPF datapath, and the Hubble Server is embedded in the Cilium agent. Hubble therefore cannot provide its normal flow-observability capabilities as a standalone installation without Cilium, eliminating B.
CNI chaining allows Cilium to coexist with a supported existing CNI. The original plugin continues to supply base connectivity and IP address management, while Cilium attaches eBPF programs to the created network devices. Those programs provide visibility, policy enforcement, and other Cilium functionality. Hubble can then be enabled on top of the chained Cilium deployment. This approach avoids an immediate, disruptive replacement of the production cluster's networking layer and is consequently the best answer.
Options C and D could be appropriate in broader migration projects, particularly when a current CNI is incompatible with chaining or when full native-Cilium functionality is required. However, both imply substantially more workload movement or cutover activity than the stated objective of minimizing downtime.
Compatibility, chaining mode, current CNI behavior, kernel requirements, and feature limitations must still be validated before production rollout.
Official references
Cilium CNI Chaining , Hubble Internals , Troubleshooting Hubble
Study Guide topic: Hubble prerequisites, CNI chaining, and production adoption.


質問 # 40
Which Cilium command should you execute to gather network-related troubleshooting information from your Kubernetes cluster?

正解:A


質問 # 41
What is the purpose of the 12 Announcements" feature?

正解:A

解説:
Technical explanation
The question's "12 Announcements" wording is a source transcription error for L2 Announcements . This feature makes Kubernetes Services visible and reachable to clients on the local Layer 2 network, particularly in on-premises, office, campus, or bare-metal environments that do not use BGP-based service advertisement.
Cilium responds to ARP requests for IPv4 Service addresses and NDP requests for IPv6 addresses. A selected node advertises the LoadBalancer IP or ExternalIP using its MAC address and receives traffic for that virtual IP. Cilium then applies its service load-balancing functionality to forward the connection to an appropriate backend. Leadership is coordinated so that one node advertises a given Service at a time, and the virtual IP can move to another eligible node after failure.
The feature is not intended to provide general Layer 2 multicast, making A incorrect. DNS service discovery is handled through Kubernetes DNS and is independent of L2 announcements, eliminating C. It also does not define Layer 2 security policies, so D is incorrect.
Thus, the purpose is external Service reachability on the local area network, exactly as described by B.
Official references
L2 Announcements .
Study Guide topic: BGP and External Networking.


質問 # 42
You are creating a Cilium network policy for pods with the label app: frontend . The policy should allow all pods with that label to communicate with destinations inside 192.168.e.e/24 and using TCP on port 8888.
For example:
# Traffic to 192.168.9.23:8888 should be allowed
# Traffic to 192.168.10.5:8888 should be denied.
# Traffic to 192.168.9.12:5606 should be denied.
Which of the following policies is correct?
A)

Option A
B)

Option B
C)

Option C
D)

Option D

正解:D

解説:
Technical explanation
Option C has the correct Cilium policy structure. It selects pods labeled app: frontend , creates an egress rule with a valid CIDR entry, and combines that destination constraint with toPorts , port 8888 , and protocol TCP
. Because the CIDR and port restriction are in the same egress rule, traffic must meet both conditions.
Option A uses an unsupported address-range structure with from and to fields rather than CIDR notation.
Option B initially resembles the correct form but contains an additional malformed ports item at the egress- rule level. Option D uses unsupported action: allow and action: deny fields inside toPorts ; Cilium allow and deny behavior is expressed through policy sections such as egress and egressDeny , not per-port action properties.
The item is nevertheless defective. The prose and examples indicate 192.168.9.0/24 , while all displayed CIDR-based options specify 192.168.0.0/24 ; the source text itself shows the corrupted 192.168.e.e/24 . If
192.168.9.0/24 is authoritative, none of the exhibits permits the stated example. The supplied key B is structurally incorrect under the displayed manifests.
Official references
Cilium Layer 3 and CIDR Policies
Study Guide topic: CIDR selectors, Layer 4 ports, and rule composition.


質問 # 43
......

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