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NEW QUESTION # 293
You have a requirement that an application needs to implement AES encryption.
What parameter must you use to meet this requirement when defining a new key in a Transit secrets engine for this app?
Answer: C
Explanation:
The Transit secrets engine supports different key types, and the parameter used to define the cryptographic algorithm for a new key is type. For AES encryption, Vault supports AES-GCM key types such as aes256- gcm96, which is also the default Transit key type. The name identifies the key, but it does not determine whether the key uses AES. The exportable parameter controls whether key material can be exported, which is unrelated to selecting AES. The convergent_encryption setting changes encryption behavior so the same plaintext can produce the same ciphertext under specific conditions, but it does not select the algorithm.
Therefore, to meet an AES requirement when creating a Transit key, the correct parameter is type.
NEW QUESTION # 294
What is a benefit of response wrapping?
Answer: B
Explanation:
Response wrapping is a feature that allows Vault to take the response it would have sent to a client and instead insert it into the cubbyhole of a single-use token, returning that token instead. The client can then unwrap the token and retrieve the original response. Response wrapping has several benefits, such as providing cover, malfeasance detection, and lifetime limitation for the secret data. One of the benefits is to ensure that only a single party can ever unwrap the token and see what's inside, as the token can be used only once and cannot be unwrapped by anyone else, even the root user or the creator of the token. This provides a way to securely distribute secrets to the intended recipients and detect any tampering or interception along the way 5 .
The other options are not benefits of response wrapping:
* Log every use of a secret: Response wrapping does not log every use of a secret, as the secret is not directly exposed to the client or the network. However, Vault does log the creation and deletion of the response-wrapping token, and the client can use the audit device to log the unwrapping operation 6 .
* Load balance secret generation across a Vault cluster: Response wrapping does not load balance secret generation across a Vault cluster, as the secret is generated by the Vault server that receives the request and the response-wrapping token is bound to that server. However, Vault does support high availability and replication modes that can distribute the load and improve the performance of the cluster 7 .
* Provide error recovery to a secret so it is not corrupted in transit: Response wrapping does not provide error recovery to a secret so it is not corrupted in transit, as the secret is encrypted and stored in the cubbyhole of the token and cannot be modified or corrupted by anyone. However, if the token is lost or expired, the secret cannot be recovered either, so the client should have a backup or retry mechanism to handle such cases.: 5 (https://developer.hashicorp.com/vault/docs/concepts/response-wrapping), 6 (https://developer.hashicorp.
com/vault/docs/secrets), 7 (https://developer.hashicorp.com/vault/docs/secrets), (https://developer.hashicorp.
com/vault/tutorials/secrets-management/cubbyhole-response-wrapping)
NEW QUESTION # 295
A web application uses Vault's transit secrets engine to encrypt data in-transit. If an attacker intercepts the data in transit which of the following statements are true? Choose two correct answers.
Answer: C,D
Explanation:
A web application that uses Vault's transit secrets engine to encrypt data in-transit can benefit from the following security features:
* Even if the attacker was able to access the raw data, they would only have encrypted bits (TLS in transit). This means that the attacker would need to obtain the encryption key from Vault in order to decrypt the data, which is protected by Vault's authentication and authorization mechanisms. The transit secrets engine does not store the data sent to it, so the attacker cannot access the data from Vault either.
* The keys can be rotated and min_decryption_version moved forward to ensure this data cannot be decrypted. This means that the web application can periodically change the encryption key used to encrypt the data, and set a minimum decryption version for the key, which prevents older versions of the key from being used to decrypt the data. This way, even if the attacker somehow obtained an old version of the key, they would not be able to decrypt the data that was encrypted with a newer version of the key.
The other statements are not true, because:
* You cannot rotate the encryption key so that the attacker won't be able to decrypt the data. Rotating the key alone does not prevent the attacker from decrypting the data, as they may still have access to the old version of the key that was used to encrypt the data. You need to also move the min_decryption_version forward to invalidate the old version of the key.
* The Vault administrator would not need to seal the Vault server immediately. Sealing the Vault server would make it inaccessible to both the attacker and the legitimate users, and would require unsealing it with the unseal keys or the recovery keys. Sealing the Vault server is a last resort option in case of a severe compromise or emergency, and is not necessary in this scenario, as the attacker does not have access to the encryption key or the data in Vault. References: Transit - Secrets Engines | Vault | HashiCorp Developer, Encryption as a service: transit secrets engine | Vault | HashiCorp Developer
NEW QUESTION # 296
You need to write a new policy for Vault for a group of users on the automation team. The requirements stipulate that each user (and all future users) get access to their own private section of a KV secrets engine at the path kv/team/ and be able to manage their own secrets. Which policy below meets these requirements while minimizing the administrative effort and following the principle of least privilege?
Answer: B
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:
Templated policies with {{identity.entity.id}} provide user-specific access. The Vault documentation states:
" This policy would permit all current and future users with a custom path based on their entity ID when they log into Vault using a variable replacement within the path. Templated policies allow policy authors to create policies that can dynamically adjust based on attributes of the identity requesting access. "
- Vault Policies: Templated Policies
* D : Correct. Uses entity ID for private sections with minimal effort:
" By using {{identity.entity.id}}, each user gets access to their own private section, minimizing administrative effort as new users automatically get their own path. "
- Vault Policies: Templated Policies
* A : Group-based and only lists, not manages.
* B : Hardcodes users, not scalable.
* C : Grants all users access to all secrets, violating least privilege.
References:
Vault Policies: Templated Policies
NEW QUESTION # 297
Which of the following statements describe the CLI command below?
S vault login -method-1dap username-mitche11h
Answer: D
Explanation:
The CLI command vault login -method ldap username=mitchellh generates a token that is response wrapped.
This means that the token contains a base64-encoded response wrapper, which is a JSON object that contains information about the token, such as its policies, metadata, and expiration time. The response wrapper is used to verify the authenticity and integrity of the token, and to prevent replay attacks. The response wrapper also allows Vault to automatically renew the token when it expires, or to revoke it if it is compromised. The - method ldap option specifies that the authentication method is LDAP, which requires a username and password to be provided. The username mitchellh is an example of an LDAP user name, and the password will be hidden when entered. References: Vault CLI Reference | Vault | HashiCorp Developer, Vault CLI Reference | Vault | HashiCorp Developer
NEW QUESTION # 298
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