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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| General Knowledge | 10% | - Standards, models, and frameworks - Quality principles and concepts - Ethical, legal, and professional considerations - Basic statistics and measurement theory |
| Software Verification and Validation | 20% | - Validation and testing concepts - Test planning, design, and execution - Verification principles and methods - Reviews, inspections, and defect management |
| Software Quality Management | 15% | - Audits and assessments - Quality management systems - Quality planning and assurance - Quality control and improvement |
| Project Management | 10% | - Risk management - Supplier and vendor management - Project planning and estimation - Tracking, control, and communication |
| System and Software Engineering Processes | 18% | - System integration and deployment - Software design, construction, and maintenance - Software development lifecycles and models - Requirements engineering and management |
| Software Metrics and Analysis | 12% | - Measurement and data collection - Statistical analysis and interpretation - Reporting and decision support - Process and product metrics |
| Software Configuration Management | 15% | - Configuration audits and status accounting - Change control and traceability - Configuration planning and identification - Release and deployment management |
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質問 # 28
Software inspection is best described as a process for
正解:C
解説:
Software inspection is best described as a process for identifying software defects. Inspections involve a detailed examination of software artifacts, such as requirements, design documents, and code, to detect errors and issues early in the development process. The primary goal of inspections is defect detection rather than defect correction, capability evaluation, or testing supplementation. This proactive approach helps to improve software quality and reduce the cost of fixing defects later in the development cycle.References:
* Fagan, Michael E. "Design and Code Inspections to Reduce Errors in Program Development." IBM Systems Journal, 1976.
* Gilb, Tom, and Dorothy Graham. "Software Inspection." Addison-Wesley, 1993.
質問 # 29
Which of the following tests is most appropriate for efficiently determining if the software handles time zones correctly?
正解:C
解説:
Boundary value testing is used to check the behavior of the system at the boundaries of input ranges. Time zones often have critical boundaries, such as the change from one day to the next or the switch between standard time and daylight saving time.
* Boundary Value Analysis: Tests the values at the edges of equivalence classes, which in the context of time zones could include:
* Transition points between time zones
* Daylight saving time changes
* Leap years and the end/start of months
* Efficiency: Testing boundaries is typically more efficient than testing all possible values, especially when dealing with large ranges like time zones.
* Application: Ensures that the software handles edge cases correctly, such as the change from 11:59 PM in one time zone to 12:00 AM in another.
質問 # 30
In the following control diagram, all paths are feasible and the decisions are not correlated to each other.
How many rests are necessary for branch coverage?
正解:C
解説:
Branch coverage, also known as decision coverage, ensures that every possible branch (i.e., true and false conditions) in the code is executed at least once. To determine the number of tests necessary for branch coverage in the given control flow diagram, we must count the distinct branches resulting from each decision point.
* Decision 1 : 2 branches (true and false)
* Decision 2 : 2 branches (true and false)
* Decision 3 : 2 branches (true and false)
Since each decision has two branches and they are independent of each other, the number of distinct paths that need to be tested is: 2(Decision1)+2(Decision2)+2(Decision3)=6 branches2 (Decision 1) + 2 (Decision 2) + 2 (Decision 3) = 6 \text{ branches}2(Decision1)+2(Decision2)+2(Decision3)=6 branches However, the number of tests needed to cover all branches is the maximum number of branches any path could take, considering that a single test might cover multiple branches. For the given control diagram, 4 tests will suffice to cover all branches:
* Path: A - > Decision 1 (true) - > B
* Path: A - > Decision 1 (false) - > Decision 2 (true) - > C
* Path: A - > Decision 1 (false) - > Decision 2 (false) - > Decision 3 (true) - > D
* Path: A - > Decision 1 (false) - > Decision 2 (false) - > Decision 3 (false) These four tests ensure all branches are covered at least once.
質問 # 31
Which of the following scenarios warrants the adoption of software configuration management tools?
正解:B
解説:
Software configuration management (SCM) tools are essential in managing the complexities associated with large projects involving multiple modifications and frequent change requests. SCM tools help in version control, tracking changes, and ensuring that all team members are working with the correct versions of files.
They also facilitate coordination among team members and maintain the integrity and traceability of the configuration items throughout the project lifecycle.
In contrast, simple projects with few files and little complexity may not require such extensive tools, and projects without security requirements or specified control may not justify the overhead of SCM tools.
References:
* "Configuration Management Best Practices: Practical Methods that Work in the Real World" by Bob Aiello and Leslie Sachs.
* IEEE Standard 828-2012 for Configuration Management in Systems and Software Engineering.
質問 # 32
If 5 defects were found during a software analysis and 5 defects were found in later phases, what is the phase containment effectiveness (PCE) of this software analysis?
正解:D
解説:
Phase containment effectiveness measures how well a development or review phase finds defects before they escape to later phases. It is commonly calculated as defects found in the phase divided by the total defects associated with that phase, including defects found in the phase and defects that escaped to later phases. In this case, 5 defects were found during software analysis and 5 additional defects were found later. Therefore, PCE equals 5 divided by 10, multiplied by 100, which is 50%. A result of 100% would mean no defects escaped. A result of 0% would mean none were found in the phase. Since half were contained and half escaped, the correct answer is 50%.
質問 # 33
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