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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Power, ethics and communication in negotiation | - Influencing factors
|
| Negotiation strategies and tactics | - Approaches to negotiation
|
| Negotiation fundamentals | - Principles of commercial negotiation
|
| Negotiation planning and preparation | - Preparation techniques
|
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NEW QUESTION # 34
When engaging in commercial negotiations, it is important to bear in mind that the suppliers need to make a reasonable profit to maintain continuity of supply. It is therefore necessary for the buyer to have a clear understanding of the break-even analysis concept which relates to cost, volume, and profit.
What is 'contribution' in relation to break-even analysis?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Inbreak-even analysis,contributionrefers to the amount from sales revenue that exceedsvariable costs, which then contributes to coveringfixed costsand ultimately generating profit. Understanding this concept enables buyers to better analyze supplier pricing and negotiate more effectively. For example, if a product is priced significantly above its variable cost, there may be room fordiscounts or added value, as the supplier is still contributing toward fixed costs.
Reference: L4M5 Commercial Negotiation 2nd edition (CORE), Section 2.1 - Cost Analysis and Pricing Decisions
NEW QUESTION # 35
After studying Thomas-Kilmann conflict resolution model and considering different approaches carefully, the procurement team of XYZ Ltd. decides to adopt an avoiding approach to the upcoming negotiation with one of their suppliers. Which of the following will be the objective of XYZ procurement team in this negotiation?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Avoiding is unassertive and uncooperative. When avoiding, an individual does not immediately pursue his or her own concerns or those of the other person. He or she does not address the conflict. Avoiding might take the form of diplomatically sidestepping an issue, postponing an issue until a better time, or simply withdrawing from a threatening situation.
LO 1, AC 1.1
NEW QUESTION # 36
Sumitomo Rubber Industries (SRI) is a Japan-based tyre manufacturer. In order to increase production, SRI is sourcing rubber from Southeast Asian firms. Which of the following micro factors are most likely to shift the balance of power to supplier? Select TWO that apply
Answer: B,D
Explanation:
There are many factors that can influence the balance of power in a negotiation. These factors are classified into 3 levels:
Macro level: STEEPLE framework: social, technological, economic, environment, political, legal and ethical Micro level: Porter's five forces:
Diagram Description automatically generated
One-to-one buyer-supplier dynamics.
The question asks about the micro factors that increases supplier's bargaining power. Among 5 answers, only
2 are likely to increase buyer's power:
There are no close substitutes for rubber: the buyer has to buy rubber, not any other material.
Costs of changing suppliers are high: buyer entails a large barrier if they want to switch supplier.
Other answers cannot be correct because:
SRI sets up its own rubber plantation: Buyer secures its own supply
SRI's purchase amount makes significant proportion of supplier revenue: Suppliers are reliant on buyer. If the buyer stops buying from them, they can face serious cash flow problems Rubber from different suppliers is virtually similar: undifferentiated product would shift the power balance towards buyer.
NEW QUESTION # 37
Why is rapport building with the supplier important during the opening phase of a negotiation?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Building rapport sets apositive tonefor the negotiation and encourages openness. It is particularly vital during theopening phase, where first impressions are formed, and trust begins to build. Trust facilitates moreconstructive dialogue, enhances collaboration, and helps parties exploremutual interests.
"Developing rapport at the start of negotiations helps to foster trust and cooperation. This enhances the likelihood of reaching agreements that are mutually beneficial." (L4M5 Commercial Negotiation, 2nd edition, Section 3.4 - The Opening Phase and Relationship Building)
NEW QUESTION # 38
Which of the following are internal factors when a supplier is making its pricing decision?
Answer: D
Explanation:
Reference: CIPS L4M5 Study Guide, Section 2.2 - Cost and Price Analysis
NEW QUESTION # 39
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