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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: WDM Technology and Systems | 25% | - Wavelength Division Multiplexing concepts - Optical amplifiers and transmission engineering - DWDM system architecture and building blocks |
| Topic 2: Optical Network Architecture and Nodes | 20% | - Network topologies and transport architectures - WDM node types and functionalities - Switched WDM (SWDM) principles |
| Topic 3: Optical Networking Basics | 20% | - Fiber types, properties and transmission principles - Optical components and functions - Optical signal propagation and characteristics |
| Topic 4: Network Survivability and Protection | 15% | - Path and line protection schemes - Protection and restoration mechanisms - Availability and survivability concepts |
| Topic 5: Network Management and Operations | 20% | - NFM-T / WS-NOC management system overview - Performance monitoring, alarms and troubleshooting - Network commissioning and monitoring - Network design with 1830 EPT / WaveSuite Planner |
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NEW QUESTION # 23
How many PM bins can be stored, for each data collection point, on PSS systems?
Answer: B
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Nokia Optical Networking Fundamentals:
Performance Monitoring (PM) is critical for maintaining the health of a Nokia 1830 PSS network. The system collects data such as FEC corrected bits, optical power levels, and ODU-layer errors. According to Nokia's standard node management architecture, each data collection point (such as an optical port or an ODU termination point) stores a specific number of historical "bins" locally on the card or the shelf controller.
The standard storage capacity for these PM statistics is 33 x 15-minute bins (covering the last 8 hours and 15 minutes of granular data) and 8 x 1-day bins (covering the last week of daily totals). Additionally, there is 1 raw bin which contains the "current" accumulating data that has not yet been shifted into a completed 15-minute or 24-hour historical bin. This allows network operators using WS-NOC (WaveSuite Network Operations Center) to retrieve recent historical performance data directly from the NE (Network Element) even if the management system was temporarily disconnected. If longer-term history is required, the management system must be configured to poll and archive these bins into its own database before they are overwritten on the hardware.
NEW QUESTION # 24
Which of the following statements best describes the definition of PCT?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Nokia Optical Networking Fundamentals:
The Photonic Connectivity Tool (PCT) is a specialized utility within the Nokia 1830 PSS ecosystem designed specifically for modern, complex node architectures. As networks evolved toward CDC-F (Colorless, Directionless, Contentionless with Flex-grid), the internal fiber cabling within a single node became significantly more complex, involving numerous connections between WSS modules, Multicast Switches (MCS), and amplifiers.
The PCT is used to validate internal fiber connectivity, ensuring that the physical "patching" matches the intended design before service provisioning begins. It leverages the OSRP (Optical Signal Routing Protocol) or specialized control plane mechanisms to verify that light can flow through the internal cross-connects as expected. This tool is essential for reducing human error during the installation of high-degree ROADM sites, where dozens of internal fibers must be correctly mapped to ensure the "Directionless" and "Contentionless" features function without blocking.
NEW QUESTION # 25
Which of the following sentences about FlexGrid is false?
Answer: C
Explanation:
FlexGrid is a flexible grid technology that allows for variable channel spacing and bandwidth allocation. It uses the same sets of boards as the traditional fixed grid systems and it does not require upgrading the old generation WDM systems.
Reference:
"Flexible Grid Optical Networks: From Concepts to Realizations" by Diomidis S. Michalopoulos and George K. Karagiannidis
"Flexible Grid and Flexible Spectrum Optical Networks" by Diomidis S. Michalopoulos and George K. Karagiannidis
"Flexible Grid Optical Networks" by Diomidis S. Michalopoulos and George K. Karagiannidis
NEW QUESTION # 26
Which mechanisms can be put in place to increase network survivability?
Answer: D
Explanation:
There are two main mechanisms that can be put in place to increase network survivability: protection and restoration. Protection involves pre-allocating and reserving backup resources so that they are ready in case of a failure. Restoration involves allocating backup resources upon failure and using a 1+1 protection mechanism to recover each trail. This ensures that the network is able to re-route traffic in the event of a failure, increasing the overall survivability of the network.
NEW QUESTION # 27
Is it possible to modify node parameters within the edit EPT menu?
Answer: B
Explanation:
Yes, the user can apply manual changes but only for non-GMPLS nodes, as the control plane reserves node resources not editable by the user. The edit EPT menu allows the user to view information about a node but is not used to modify node parameters. The user can only apply manual changes to non-GMPLS nodes, as the control plane reserves node resources which cannot be modified by the user.
NEW QUESTION # 28
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