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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Tools and Techniques | 20% | - Creative thinking and idea generation methods - Decision-making and evaluation tools - Cost analysis and worth assessment - Function analysis system technique (FAST) |
| Leadership and Facilitation | 15% | - Stakeholder management and communication - Leading value study teams - Workshop facilitation skills |
| Value Methodology Job Plan | 30% | - Information phase - Evaluation phase - Function analysis phase - Creative phase - Development phase - Preparation phase - Presentation and implementation phase |
| Standards, Ethics and Application | 10% | - Application in different industries and sectors - Professional ethics and responsibilities - SAVE International standards and guidelines |
| Value Methodology Principles and Concepts | 25% | - Value index, function and cost relationship - Origins, development and application scope of Value Methodology - Definition and core concepts of Value |
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質問 # 91
Carpet and vinyl tile are acceptable alternatives for an owner to cover 1,000 square meters of floor.
Carpet
Installed cost, including pad = $30 / square meter
Service life = 10 years
Maintenance cost: vacuum weekly = $500 / month
Maintenance cost: shampoo once per year = $3,000 / shampoo
Vinyl
Installed cost, including pad = $10 / square meter
Service life = 15 years
Maintenance cost: vacuum weekly = $400 / month
Maintenance cost: strip and wax once per month = $1,000 / strip and wax Between carpet and vinyl, which is a better value option for the owner over the service life of the products?
正解：D
解説：
The correct answer is A. Carpet $120,000 . This is an Evaluation Phase life-cycle cost comparison. SAVE's VM Dictionary defines life-cycle cost as the sum of initial cost, recurrent annual cost, single expenditures, and disposal or salvage value over a specified period. It also defines recurrent annual cost as operation and maintenance cost occurring throughout each year of service life.
For carpet , the initial cost is:
1,000 square meters × $30 = $30,000
The monthly vacuum maintenance cost is:
$500 × 12 months × 10 years = $60,000
The annual shampoo cost is:
$3,000 × 10 years = $30,000
Therefore, carpet life-cycle cost is:
$30,000 + $60,000 + $30,000 = $120,000
Vinyl is not the better value option in the listed choices. Even though vinyl has a lower initial installed cost, its recurring strip-and-wax maintenance is significant. Over a 10-year comparison period, vinyl would be:
$10,000 + $48,000 + $120,000 = $178,000
That corresponds to option D, but it is higher than carpet's $120,000. The CVS exam trap is focusing on lowest initial cost instead of total cost over the study period. In Value Methodology, value decisions require considering function, performance, and total resource commitment, not first cost alone.
References/topics: Evaluation Phase; Life-Cycle Cost; Initial Cost; Recurrent Annual Cost; Alternative Comparison.
質問 # 92
Which of the following strategies should be used to enhance understanding of VM proposals presented during the Presentation Phase?
Choose 2 answers.
正解：A、C
解説：
The correct answers are C and D . In the Presentation Phase, the purpose is not simply to display information, but to communicate the developed VM proposals clearly enough for decision makers to understand the recommendation, its basis, and its value improvement opportunity. SAVE's Value Methodology Standard states that the Presentation Phase should develop a report and/or presentation that documents and conveys the adequacy of the developed alternatives and their associated value improvement opportunity. ( ) Using baseline and proposed graphics at a similar level of complexity helps the audience compare the current condition against the recommended alternative without distortion. If one graphic is overly detailed and the other is simplified, the comparison may become misleading or difficult to evaluate. Providing clear explanations and context is equally important because graphics alone rarely communicate assumptions, functional trade-offs, cost implications, risks, or implementation constraints.
Option A is incorrect because relying only on graphics removes the technical reasoning needed for acceptance. Option B is also incorrect because excessive graphics can dilute the message and distract from the proposal's functional and value basis.
References/topics: Presentation Phase; VM Proposal Communication; Baseline vs Proposed Comparison; Decision-Maker Understanding; VM Report and Presentation.
質問 # 93
When a higher discount rate is used to calculate life cycle costs, which change occurs to the value of money over time?
正解：C
解説：
The correct answer is D. The life cycle cost is reduced . In Value Methodology, life cycle cost analysis is used to compare alternatives over the full ownership period, not just by initial cost. Future costs such as operation, maintenance, replacement, repair, and disposal are converted to present value using a discount rate. When the discount rate is higher, future costs are discounted more heavily, meaning their present value becomes smaller.
This does not mean the actual future cash payment disappears; it means that, in present-value terms, money spent in the future is worth less today. Therefore, increasing the discount rate reduces the present value of future cost streams and normally lowers the calculated present-value life cycle cost, especially for alternatives with large costs occurring later in the study period.
Option A is incorrect because discounting is essential when costs occur at different times. Option B is incorrect because changing the discount rate directly changes present-value calculations. Option C is incorrect because a higher discount rate does not increase the present value of future costs; it reduces them.
References/topics: Development Phase; Life Cycle Costing; Economic Analysis; Present Value; Discount Rate; VM Proposal Development.
質問 # 94
Which of the following are appropriate techniques to achieve the expected output of the Evaluation Phase?
正解：A
解説：
The correct answer is C. Coarse, medium, and fine filters . In the VM Job Plan, the Evaluation Phase converts the large number of ideas generated during the Creativity Phase into a smaller, rationally selected group of ideas suitable for Development. SAVE's Value Methodology Standard states that the Evaluation Phase uses a structured evaluation process to select ideas with potential for value improvement while still delivering required functions and respecting performance requirements and resource limits. ( ) The SAVE International Core Competencies directly classify Evaluation Phase techniques as coarse filter, medium filter, and fine filter methods. These appear under "Apply Evaluation Techniques," with coarse filters representing simple screening, medium filters supporting intermediate comparison, and fine filters supporting more detailed evaluation before ideas move into development. ( ) Option A, weighted evaluation, can be part of a detailed or fine-filter evaluation, but it is not the complete filtering approach named in the CVS/VM Guide framework. Options B and D are more closely associated with idea generation or creative stimulation, not the primary structured filtering process of the Evaluation Phase.
References/topics: Evaluation Phase; Apply Evaluation Techniques; Coarse Filter; Medium Filter; Fine Filter; Idea Selection.
質問 # 95
Which of the following are outcomes of function framing?
Choose 2 answers.
正解：B、C
解説：
Function framing is an essential Value Methodology discipline because it changes the team's viewpoint from things and solutions to functions and purposes . The correct outcomes are that it defines reality in terms of what things do and why they do them and allows maximum potential for divergent thinking . In VM, a function is expressed in an active verb and measurable noun format, which forces the team to describe the required performance rather than defend the current design. This helps the team understand the real need behind a product, process, project, or service.
Option B is incorrect because function framing does not focus on existing solutions; it deliberately moves the team away from solution fixation. Option C is close, but it is more directly associated with the Creativity Phase, where ideas are generated to satisfy required functions. Function framing prepares the ground for that later solution generation, but its direct outcome is clearer functional understanding and broader thinking freedom. By defining the problem functionally, the team avoids premature judgment and opens a wider solution space.
References/topics: Function Analysis Phase; Function Framing; Function Definition; Divergent Thinking; Creativity Phase Linkage.
質問 # 96
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