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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Troubleshooting | 30% | - Pod and application failures - Log collection and analysis - Network connectivity and DNS resolution problems - Cluster component health checks - Worker node issues and recovery - Control plane component failures |
| Topic 2: Services & Networking | 20% | - CoreDNS and service discovery - Network policies - CNI configuration and troubleshooting - Service types: ClusterIP, NodePort, LoadBalancer, ExternalName - Ingress resources and controllers |
| Topic 3: Cluster Architecture, Installation & Configuration | 25% | - Understand CNI, CSI, CRI interfaces - Prepare infrastructure for cluster installation - Manage cluster lifecycle and upgrades - Work with CRDs and Operators - Manage RBAC - Implement high availability control plane - Install components via Helm / Kustomize - Create and manage clusters with kubeadm |
| Topic 4: Storage | 10% | - Persistent Volumes (PV) and Persistent Volume Claims (PVC) - StatefulSet storage configuration - StorageClasses and dynamic provisioning - Volume types and access modes |
| Topic 5: Workloads & Scheduling | 15% | - Deployments, rolling updates and rollbacks - Pod scheduling: node selector, affinity, taints/tolerations - Configure applications with ConfigMaps and Secrets - Pod lifecycle, init containers, probes - Resource requests, limits and autoscaling |
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NEW QUESTION # 71
You must connect to the correct host.
Failure to do so may result in a zero score.
[candidate@base] $ ssh Cka000051
Context
You manage a WordPress application. Some Pods are not starting because resource requests are too high.
Your task Is to prepare a Linux system for Kubernetes . Docker is already installed, but you need to configure it for kubeadm .
Task
Complete these tasks to prepare the system for Kubernetes :
Set up cri-dockerd :
. Install the Debian package
~/cri-dockerd_0.3.9.3-0.ubuntu-jammy_am
d64.deb
Debian packages are installed using
dpkg .
. Enable and start the cri-docker service
Configure these system parameters:
. Set net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables to 1
Answer:
Explanation:
Task Summary
You are given a host to prepare for Kubernetes:
* Use dpkg to install cri-dockerd
* Enable and start the cri-docker service
* Set net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables to 1 via sysctl
Step-by-Step Instructions
1## SSH into the correct node
bash
CopyEdit
ssh cka000051
## Required - failure to connect to the correct host = zero score.
2## Install cri-dockerd
You are told the .deb file is already located at:
bash
CopyEdit
~/cri-dockerd_0.3.9.3-0.ubuntu-jammy_amd64.deb
Install it with dpkg:
bash
CopyEdit
sudo dpkg -i ~/cri-dockerd_0.3.9.3-0.ubuntu-jammy_amd64.deb
# If any dependencies are missing (e.g., golang or containerd), you might need:
bash
CopyEdit
sudo apt-get install -f -y
But usually, the exam system provides a pre-validated .deb environment.
3## Enable and start cri-docker service
Start and enable both services:
bash
CopyEdit
sudo systemctl enable cri-docker.service
sudo systemctl enable --now cri-docker.socket
sudo systemctl start cri-docker.service
Check status (optional but smart):
bash
CopyEdit
sudo systemctl status cri-docker.service
You should see it active (running).
4## Configure the sysctl parameter
Set net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables=1 immediately and persistently.
Step A: Apply immediately:
sudo sysctl net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables=1
Step B: Persist it in /etc/sysctl.d:
Create or modify a file:
echo "net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1" | sudo tee /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf Reload sysctl:
sudo sysctl --system
Verify:
sysctl net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables
Should return:
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
# Now the system is ready for kubeadm with Docker (via cri-dockerd)!
ssh cka000051
sudo dpkg -i ~/cri-dockerd_0.3.9.3-0.ubuntu-jammy_amd64.deb
sudo systemctl enable cri-docker.service
sudo systemctl enable --now cri-docker.socket
sudo systemctl start cri-docker.service
sudo sysctl net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables=1
echo "net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1" | sudo tee /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf sudo sysctl --system
NEW QUESTION # 72
Create a deployment spec file that will:
* Launch 7 replicas of the nginx Image with the labelapp_runtime_stage=dev
* deployment name: kual00201
Save a copy of this spec file to /opt/KUAL00201/spec_deployment.yaml
(or /opt/KUAL00201/spec_deployment.json).
When you are done, clean up (delete) any new Kubernetes API object that you produced during this task.
Answer:
Explanation:
NEW QUESTION # 73
Create a NetworkPolicy which denies all ingress traffic
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 74
Create a deployment called webapp with image nginx having 5 replicas in it, put the file in /tmp directory with named webapp.yaml
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 75
Score: 7%
Task
Reconfigure the existing deployment front-end and add a port specification named http exposing port 80/tcp of the existing container nginx.
Create a new service named front-end-svc exposing the container port http.
Configure the new service to also expose the individual Pods via a NodePort on the nodes on which they are scheduled.
Answer:
Explanation:
Solution:
kubectl get deploy front-end
kubectl edit deploy front-end -o yaml
#port specification named http
#service.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: front-end-svc
labels:
app: nginx
spec:
ports:
- port: 80
protocol: tcp
name: http
selector:
app: nginx
type: NodePort
# kubectl create -f service.yaml
# kubectl get svc
# port specification named http
kubectl expose deployment front-end --name=front-end-svc --port=80 --tarport=80 --type=NodePort
NEW QUESTION # 76
......
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