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NEW QUESTION # 110
(Paul McCartney has been working as a senior DevSecOps engineer in an IT company over the past 5 years.
He would like to integrate Conjur secret management tool into the CI/CD pipeline to secure the secret credentials in various phases of development. To integrate Conjur with Jenkins, Paul downloaded Conjur.hpi file and uploaded it to the Upload Plugin section of Jenkins. Paul declared a policy branch using a code and saved it as a .yml file. Which of the following commands should Paul use to load this policy in Conjur root?)
Answer: C
Explanation:
Conjur policies define access controls, authentication rules, and secret variables, and they must be loaded into the correct policy branch. The conjur policy load command uses the -b flag to specify thepolicy branchand the -f flag to specify thepolicy file. To load a policy into the root branch, the correct command is conjur policy load -b root -f <file-name>. Options that reverse or misuse these flags are invalid and would either fail or load the policy incorrectly. Loading policies correctly during the Build and Test stage ensures that Jenkins pipelines can securely access secrets at runtime, enforcing centralized secret management, least-privilege access, and compliance with security requirements.
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NEW QUESTION # 111
Bruno Nascimento, a DevSecOps engineer at a Sao Paulo bank, wants to ensure that microservices communicating within his Kubernetes cluster mutually authenticate each other and encrypt all traffic between them, without modifying application code. Which technology should Bruno deploy?
Answer: C
Explanation:
A service mesh such as Istio or Linkerd injects sidecar proxies alongside each microservice to transparently handle mutual TLS (mTLS) authentication and encryption between services, providing zero-trust, code-free security for service-to-service communication -- exactly what Bruno needs. A WAF at the ingress protects against attacks arriving from outside the cluster targeting the application layer (e.g., HTTP-based attacks), but it does not provide mutual authentication and encryption between internal microservices. A VPN between developer laptops secures remote access for individual engineers, unrelated to intra-cluster service communication.
Static application firewall rules are generally coarse network-layer controls that do not provide identity-based mutual authentication or automatic encryption without code changes. Since Bruno needs code-transparent mTLS between microservices, a service mesh is correct.
NEW QUESTION # 112
Aditi Sharma, a DevSecOps engineer at a Pune SaaS company, wants to define security policies as code - such as "no container may run with privileged: true" - that are automatically enforced by the Kubernetes API server before any non-compliant resource is admitted to the cluster. Which technology should Aditi use?
Answer: B
Explanation:
Open Policy Agent, typically deployed as Gatekeeper in Kubernetes, allows security and platform teams to define declarative "policy as code" rules -- such as disallowing privileged containers -- that are enforced by a validating admission webhook, automatically rejecting any resource creation request that violates policy before it is ever admitted to the cluster, exactly matching Aditi's requirement. Prometheus alerting rules generate notifications based on collected metrics crossing defined thresholds but do not proactively block non-compliant resources from being created. Grafana dashboards visualize metrics data for human review and have no enforcement capability whatsoever. A Jenkins build agent executes CI/CD pipeline jobs and is unrelated to Kubernetes admission-time policy enforcement. Since Aditi needs automated, pre-admission policy enforcement in Kubernetes, OPA/Gatekeeper is correct.
NEW QUESTION # 113
David Reynolds, a DevSecOps engineer at MedSecure Technologies, is responsible for ensuring the security of web applications and APIs developed for the healthcare industry. Given the sensitive nature of healthcare data, his team requires a runtime security testing approach that provides deep visibility into application vulnerabilities while minimizing false positives. To achieve this, David integrates an IAST (Interactive Application Security Testing) solution that uses a web scanner combined with an agent inside the application server, identifies vulnerabilities in real-time while the application is running, and pinpoints the exact location of security flaws in the source code for faster remediation. Which type of IAST solution is David using?
Answer: D
Explanation:
Active IAST combines an external web scanner (which actively drives/attacks the application, generating traffic) with an agent inside the application server that observes execution, giving real-time detection, low false positives, and exact code locations-David's exact setup. Passive IAST only observes existing test traffic without an active scanner, and the semi- variants don't match the scanner-plus-agent combination.
NEW QUESTION # 114
Isabela Marques, a DevSecOps engineer at a Porto software consultancy, wants developers to receive immediate feedback about newly introduced vulnerabilities directly within their pull request, before a reviewer even looks at the code, rather than waiting for a separate nightly scan report. What practice best achieves this?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Integrating SAST and SCA tools directly into the pull request CI workflow allows automated scans to run as soon as a PR is opened or updated, posting results and annotations inline before a human reviewer even examines the code, which provides the fast, "shift-left" feedback loop Isabela wants. Scheduling a weekly manual penetration test provides feedback far too infrequently and too late relative to individual pull requests. Waiting for production incident reports is entirely reactive and represents the latest, most costly point at which to discover a vulnerability.
Running scans only after each quarterly release delays feedback by months, defeating the purpose of continuous, rapid developer feedback. Since Isabela wants immediate, PR-level automated vulnerability feedback, integrating SAST/SCA into the PR CI workflow is correct.
NEW QUESTION # 115
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