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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Information Security Management System (ISMS) based on ISO/IEC 27001 | - ISO/IEC 27001 requirements (Clauses 4–10)
|
| Conducting an Audit | - Audit execution
|
| Planning and Initiating an Audit | - Audit program and planning activities
|
| Closing the Audit | - Audit reporting and follow-up
|
| Fundamentals of Information Security Auditing | - Audit principles based on ISO 19011
|
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질문 # 181
下列哪一項最能描述第一階段第三方審核的主要目的？
정답：A
설명：
The main purpose of a Stage 1 third-party audit is to determine readiness for a Stage 2 audit. A Stage 1 audit is a preliminary assessment that evaluates the organization's ISMS documentation, scope, context, and objectives, and identifies any major gaps or nonconformities that need to be addressed before the Stage 2 audit. A Stage 1 audit does not introduce the audit team to the client, as this is done during the audit planning phase. A Stage 1 audit does not check for legal compliance by the organization, as this is done during the Stage 2 audit. A Stage 1 audit does not prepare an independent audit report, as this is done after the Stage 2 audit. References: : CQI & IRCA ISO 27001:2022 Lead Auditor Course Handbook, page 70. : ISO/IEC
27001 LEAD AUDITOR - PECB, page 23.
질문 # 182
下列哪一個是定性證據的例子？
정답：A
설명：
Qualitative evidence in an audit typically involves observations, interviews, and reviews that provide insights into the processes and compliance through subjective but informed assessments. An interview with information security personnel to validate compliance with the standard requirements is an example of qualitative evidence, where the quality and effectiveness of processes are assessed based on expert judgments rather than measurable metrics.
References: PECB ISO/IEC 27001 Lead Auditor Course Material
질문 # 183
在與管理認證機構審核計畫的個人進行討論時，客戶組織的管理系統代表會要求指定特定審核員來進行認證審核。選擇以下選項中的兩個來了解管理審核計劃的個人應如何應對。
정답：A,B
설명：
According to ISO/IEC 17021-1, which specifies the requirements for bodies providing audit and certification of management systems, a certification body should ensure that its auditors are competent, impartial, and independent from the auditee organization2. Therefore, if a Management System Representative of a client organization asks for a specific auditor for the certification audit, the individual(s) managing the audit programme should respond in a way that does not compromise these principles or create any conflict of interest or undue influence2. Two possible ways to respond are to state that his request will be considered but may not be taken up, as there may be other factors that affect the auditor selection process; or to advise him that the audit team selection is a decision that the audit programme manager needs to make based on the resources available, such as auditor availability, competence, location, etc2. The other options are not suitable ways to respond in this situation. For example, advising him that his request can be accepted may raise doubts about the objectivity and credibility of the auditor and the certification body; suggesting that he chooses another certification body may imply that his request is unreasonable or unethical; and suggesting asking the certification body management to permit his request may suggest that there is room for negotiation or manipulation in auditor selection2. References: ISO/IEC 17021-1:2015 - Conformity assessment - Requirements for bodies providing audit and certification of management systems - Part 1: Requirements
질문 # 184
情境 6
Sinvestment是一家提供多種保險方案的保險公司，包括房屋保險、商業保險和人壽保險。該公司最初成立於北加州，現已將業務拓展至歐洲和非洲等其他地區。除了業務成長之外，Sinvestment還致力於遵守其所在行業的相關法律法規，並防止任何資訊安全事件的發生。他們已實施基於ISO標準的資訊安全管理系統(ISMS)。
/IEC 27001，並已申請認證。
認證機構指派了一支審核團隊進行審核。審核團隊與Sinvestment簽署保密協議後，便開始了審核工作。第一階段審核的所有活動均在現場進行，但應Sinvestment的要求，對已存檔資訊的審查工作將以遠端方式進行。
審計團隊首先進行了第一階段審計，審查了所需文件，包括資訊安全管理系統(ISMS)範圍聲明、資訊安全策略和內部審計報告。已記錄資訊的評估主要基於其內容和管理流程。
此外，審計人員還發現，與資訊安全培訓和意識提升專案相關的文件不完整，缺乏關鍵細節。當被問及此事時，Sinvestment 的高階管理人員表示，該公司已為所有員工提供了資訊安全培訓課程。
第二階段審計在第一階段審計三週後進行。審計小組發現，行銷部(未包含在審計範圍內)沒有控制員工存取權限的程序。
由於控制員工存取權限是 ISO/IEC 27001 的要求之一，並且已納入公司的資訊安全政策，因此該問題被納入了審計報告。
問題
根據情境 6，審計團隊在對 Sinvestment 的資訊安全管理系統 (ISMS) 進行審計時，採用了哪些證據蒐集和分析方法？
정답：B
설명：
The audit team used documented information review and observation for evidence collection and evaluation for analysis, making option A the correct answer. This aligns directly with ISO 19011, which identifies document review, observation, and evaluation as primary audit techniques.
In the scenario, auditors reviewed ISMS documentation remotely, observed departmental practices during stage 2, and evaluated whether controls such as access rights management and training documentation met ISO/IEC 27001 requirements. These activities constitute classic evidence-based auditing methods.
Option B is incorrect because there is no indication that technical verification or extensive sampling of systems occurred. Option C is incorrect because the audit did not rely solely on interviews, nor was trend analysis the primary analytical method used. Interviews were supplementary, not exclusive.
ISO auditing requires auditors to triangulate evidence using multiple methods. The combination of document review, observation, and evaluative analysis reflects appropriate and recommended audit practice.
질문 # 185
場景 7：Lawsy 是一家領先的律師事務所，在新澤西州和紐約市設有辦公室。它擁有 50 多名律師，為商業法、智慧財產權、銀行和金融服務領域的客戶提供完善的法律服務。他們相信，由於他們致力於實施資訊安全最佳實踐並跟上技術發展的步伐，他們在市場上佔據了有利的地位。
Lawsy 已經嚴格實施、評估和進行 ISMS 內部審核兩年了。
現在，他們已向知名且值得信賴的認證機構ISMA申請ISO/IEC 27001認證。
在第一階段審核期間，審核小組審查了實施過程中所建立的所有 ISMS 文件。
他們還審查和評估了管理審查和內部審計的記錄。
Lawsy 提交了證據記錄，表明在必要時對不合格項採取了糾正措施，因此審核組約談了內部審核員。訪談透過提供對內部稽核計畫和程序的詳細了解，驗證了內部稽核的充分性和頻率。
審計小組繼續驗證戰略文件，包括資訊安全政策和風險評估標準。在資訊安全政策審查期間，團隊注意到描述治理框架（即資訊安全政策）的記錄資訊與程序之間存在不一致。
儘管允許員工將筆記型電腦帶到工作場所之外，但 Lawsy 並沒有製定有關在這種情況下使用筆記型電腦的程序。此政策僅提供有關筆記型電腦使用的一般資訊。該公司依靠員工的常識來保護筆記型電腦中儲存的資訊的機密性和完整性。該問題已記錄在第一階段審計報告中。
完成第一階段審核後，審核組長準備了審核計劃，其中闡述了審核目標、範圍、標準和程序。
在第二階段審核期間，審核小組約談了資安經理，資安經理起草了資訊安全政策。他透過指出 Lawsy 每三個月舉辦一次強制性資訊安全培訓和意識課程來證明第一階段中確定的問題的合理性。
面談後，審核小組檢查了 15 份員工培訓記錄（共 50 份），得出的結論是 Lawsy 符合 ISO/IEC 27001 有關培訓和意識的要求。為了支持這個結論，他們影印了檢查過的員工訓練記錄。
根據上述場景，回答以下問題：
根據情境 7，Lawsy 在開始第二階段審核之前該做什麼？
정답：A
설명：
Prior to the initiation of stage 2 audit, Lawsy should review and confirm the audit plan with the certification body. This ensures that both parties agree on the objectives, scope, and procedures for the stage 2 audit, thus aligning expectations and facilitating a smoother audit process.
References: ISO 19011:2018, Guidelines for auditing management systems
질문 # 186
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