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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: WLAN Protocols and Devices | 20% | - Wireless hardware and software
|
| Topic 2: Radio Frequency (RF) Technologies | 20% | - Antenna concepts and types
|
| Topic 3: WLAN Troubleshooting and Management | 15% | - Performance and connectivity issues
|
| Topic 4: WLAN Network Security | 15% | - Security threats and mitigation
|
| Topic 5: WLAN Regulations and Standards | 15% | - Regulatory bodies and frequency bands
|
| Topic 6: WLAN Network Architecture and Design Concepts | 15% | - WLAN deployment architectures
|
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NEW QUESTION # 133
Option 43 must be configured to allow access points to locate controllers. In what network service should this option be configured?
Answer: A
Explanation:
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) is the network service where option 43 must be configured to allow access points to locate controllers. DHCP is a protocol that allows a device to obtain an IP address and other network configuration parameters from a server. In a wireless controller scenario, the access points can use DHCP to request an IP address from a DHCP server, which can also provide the IP address or hostname of the wireless controller as an option in the DHCP response. Option 43 is a vendor-specific option that can be used to encode custom information for different types of devices. For example, Cisco access points can use option 43 to receive the IP address of the wireless controller from the DHCP server, while Aruba access points can use option 43 to receive the hostname of the wireless controller from the DHCP server. This way, the access points can discover the wireless controller and establish a connection with it. References: 1, Chapter 8, page 309; 2, Section 5.2
NEW QUESTION # 134
In an 802.11n (H T) 2.4 GHz BSS, what prevents each station from using all the airtime when other client stations are actively communicating in the same BSS?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation:What prevents each station from using all the airtime when other client stations are actively communicating in the same BSS is CSMA/C A . CSMA/CA stands for Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance and is a media access control method used by WLAN devices to share the wireless medium. CSMA/CA works by having each station sense the medium before transmitting a frame. If the medium is busy (i.e., another station is transmitting), the station defers its transmission until the medium is idle. If the medium is idle, the station waits for a random backoff period before transmitting. This way, CSMA/CA reduces the chances of collisions and ensures fair access to the medium for all stations. CSMA/CA also uses positive acknowledgements to confirm successful transmissions and retransmissions to recover from errors. CSMA/CD, DOS prevention, and OFDMA are not used by WLAN devices in a BSS.
NEW QUESTION # 135
What feature of 802.1 lax (HE) is managed with beacon and trigger frames and is primarily a power management method, but also provides more efficient access to the channel used within a BSS?
Answer: B
Explanation:
TWT is the feature of 802.11ax (HE) that is managed with beacon and trigger frames and is primarily a power management method, but also provides more efficient access to the channel used within a BSS. TWT stands for target wake time, which is a mechanism that allows an access point and a client device to negotiate and schedule specific times for data transmission and reception. This enables the client device to enter a low-power sleep mode when it is not expected to communicate with the access point, which saves battery life and reduces power consumption. TWT also reduces contention and interference on the channel used within a BSS, as it coordinates the transmissions of multiple client devices and avoids collisions. TWT is managed with beacon and trigger frames, which are two types of management frames that are used to announce and initiate data exchanges. A beacon frame is a frame that is periodically sent by an access point to advertise its presence, capabilities, and parameters to client devices. A trigger frame is a frame that is sent by an access point or a client device to request or initiate a data transmission with another device. BSS color, UL-MU-MIMO, and OFDMA are other features of 802.11ax (HE) that are not primarily power management methods, but rather performance enhancement methods. BSS color is a feature that assigns a color code to each BSS to differentiate it from other BSSs that use the same channel. This reduces interference and improves spatial reuse of the channel. UL-MU-MIMO is a feature that allows an access point to receive multiple simultaneous transmissions from different client devices using multiple spatial streams. This increases capacity and throughput of the uplink direction. OFDMA is a feature that divides a channel into smaller subchannels called resource units (RUs) that can be allocated to different devices for concurrent transmissions. This increases efficiency and flexibility of the channel utilization. References: CWNA-109 Study Guide, Chapter 10:
Wireless LAN Operation, page 323
NEW QUESTION # 136
You are troubleshooting a problem with a new 802.11ax AP. While the AP supports four spatial streams, most clients are only achieving maximum data rates of 150 Mbps. What is the likely cause?
Answer: A
Explanation:
The scenario described suggests that while the Access Point (AP) is capable of 802.11ax (Wi-Fi 6) with four spatial streams, the clients are only achieving data rates typical of 802.11n (Wi-Fi 4) devices, which indicates that the clients are likely 802.11n devices. Here's why this is the most plausible explanation:
* 802.11n Limitations: Devices that adhere to the 802.11n standard have lower maximum data rates compared to 802.11ax devices due to differences in technology such as modulation, spatial streams, and channel bandwidth. An 802.11n device with a single spatial stream operating on a 20 MHz channel can achieve a maximum data rate of 72.2 Mbps. Even with two spatial streams under ideal conditions, this would only double to approximately 144.4 Mbps, which is close to the 150 Mbps mentioned.
* Spatial Stream Capability: The fact that the AP supports four spatial streams suggests it can achieve much higher data rates with 802.11ax clients that also support multiple spatial streams. However, if the clients are 802.11n devices, they may not be capable of using more than two spatial streams, and many earlier 802.11n devices were limited to just one.
The other options are less likely to be the primary cause based on the information provided:
* B. Two Stream 802.11ax Clients: If the clients were 802.11ax with only two spatial streams, they would likely achieve higher data rates than 150 Mbps due to the efficiency improvements in 802.11ax.
* C. Contention and D. Non-Wi-Fi Interference: While these could affect performance, they would not inherently limit clients to 150 Mbps,especially in the context of an 802.11ax environment where mechanisms to handle interference and contention are more advanced.
References:
* IEEE 802.11n-2009: Enhancements for Higher Throughput.
* CWNA Certified Wireless Network Administrator Official Study Guide: Exam PW0-105, by David D.
Coleman and David A. Westcott.
NEW QUESTION # 137
The requirements for a WLAN you are installing state that it must support unidirectional delays of less than
150 ms and the signal strength at all receivers can be no lower than -67 dBm. What application is likely used that demands these requirements?
Answer: A
Explanation:
VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) is an application that is likely used that demands the requirements of unidirectional delays of less than 150 ms and the signal strength at all receivers can be no lower than -67 dBm. VoIP is an application that allows users to make and receive voice calls over a network, such as the Internet or a WLAN. VoIP is a real-time and interactive application that requires high quality of service (QoS) to ensure good user experience and satisfaction. One of the QoS metrics for VoIP is delay, which is the time it takes for a voice packet to travel from the sender to the receiver. Delay can affect the quality and intelligibility of the voice conversation, as well as the synchronization and naturalness of the dialogue. The ITU-T G.114 recommendation suggests that the maximum acceptable one-way delay for VoIP should be less than 150 ms, as anything higher than that can cause noticeable degradation and annoyance to the users.
Another QoS metric for VoIP is signal strength, which is the measure of how strong the RF signal is at the receiver. Signal strength can affect the reliability and performance of the wireless connection, as well as the data rate and throughput of the VoIP traffic. The CWNA Official Study Guide recommends that the minimum signal strength for VoIP should be -67 dBm, as anything lower than that can cause packet loss, retries, jitter, and other issues that can impair the voice quality. References: 1, Chapter 10, page 398; 2, Section 6.1
NEW QUESTION # 138
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