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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Governance, Risk, and Compliance | 20% | - Legal, regulatory, and compliance requirements
|
| Topic 2: Security Architecture | 27% | - Secure network architecture
|
| Topic 3: Security Engineering | 31% | - Security controls and countermeasures
|
| Topic 4: Security Operations | 22% | - Threat and vulnerability management
|
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問題 #360
You are tasked with integrating a new B2B client application with an existing OAuth workflow that must meet the following requirements:
. The application does not need to know the users' credentials.
. An approval interaction between the users and the HTTP service must be orchestrated.
. The application must have limited access to users' data.
INSTRUCTIONS
Use the drop-down menus to select the action items for the appropriate locations. All placeholders must be filled.

答案:
解題說明:
Select the Action Items for the Appropriate Locations:
* Authorization Server:
* Action Item: Grant access
* Explanation: The authorization server's role is to authenticate the user and then issue an authorization code or token that the client application can use to access resources. Granting access involves the server authenticating the resource owner and providing the necessary tokens for the client application.
* Resource Server:
* Action Item: Access issued tokens
* Explanation: The resource server is responsible for serving the resources requested by the client application. It must verify the issued tokens from the authorization server to ensure the client has the right permissions to access the requested data.
* B2B Client Application:
* Action Item: Authorize access to other applications
* Explanation: The B2B client application must handle the OAuth flow to authorize access on behalf of the user without requiring direct knowledge of the user's credentials. This includes obtaining authorization tokens from the authorization server and using them to request access to the resource server.
Detailed Explanation:
OAuth 2.0 is designed to provide specific authorization flows for web applications, desktop applications, mobile phones, and living room devices. The integration involves multiple steps and components, including:
* Resource Owner (User):
* The user owns the data and resources that are being accessed.
* Client Application (B2B Client Application):
* Requests access to the resources controlled by the resource owner but does not directly handle the user's credentials. Instead, it uses tokens obtained through the OAuth flow.
* Authorization Server:
* Handles the authentication of the resource owner and issues the access tokens to the client application upon successful authentication.
* Resource Server:
* Hosts the resources that the client application wants to access. It verifies the access tokens issued by the authorization server before granting access to the resources.
OAuth Workflow:
* The resource owner accesses the client application.
* The client application redirects the resource owner to the authorization server for authentication.
* The authorization server authenticates the resource owner and asks for consent to grant access to the client application.
* Upon consent, the authorization server issues an authorization code or token to the client application.
* The client application uses the authorization code or token to request access to the resources from the resource server.
* The resource server verifies the token with the authorization server and, if valid, grants access to the requested resources.
References:
* CompTIA Security+ Study Guide: Provides comprehensive information on various authentication and authorization protocols, including OAuth.
* OAuth 2.0 Authorization Framework (RFC 6749): The official documentation detailing the OAuth 2.0 framework, its flows, and components.
* OAuth 2.0 Simplified: A book by Aaron Parecki that provides a detailed yet easy-to-understand explanation of the OAuth 2.0 protocol.
By ensuring that each component in the OAuth workflow performs its designated role, the B2B client application can securely access the necessary resources without compromising user credentials, adhering to the principle of least privilege.
問題 #361
A subcontractor develops safety critical avionics software for a major aircraft manufacturer. After an incident, a third-party investigator recommends the company begin to employ formal methods in the development life cycle. Which of the following findings from the investigation most directly supports the investigator's recommendation?
答案:D
問題 #362
After several companies in the financial industry were affected by a similar incident, they shared information about threat intelligence and the malware used for exploitation. Which of the following should the companies do to best indicate whether the attacks are being conducted by the same actor?
答案:B
解題說明:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:
Determining if attacks are from the same actor requires unique attribution. Let's analyze:
* A. Code stylometry:Analyzes coding style to identify authorship, the best method for linking malware to a specific actor per CAS-005's threat intelligence focus.
* B. Common IOCs:Indicates similar attacks but not necessarily the same actor.
* C. IOCextractions:Similar to B, lacks specificity for attribution.
Reference:CompTIA SecurityX (CAS-005) objectives, Domain 2: Security Operations, covering threat intelligence.
問題 #363
The principal security analyst for a global manufacturer is investigating a security incident related to abnormal behavior in the ICS network. A controller was restarted as part of the troubleshooting process, and the following issue was identified when the controller was restarted:
SECURE BOOT FAILED:
FIRMWARE MISMATCH EXPECTED UXFDC479 ACTUAL 0x79F31B
During the investigation, this modified firmware version was identified on several other controllers at the site. The official vendor firmware versions do not have this checksum. Which of the following stages of the MITRE ATT&CK framework for ICS includes this technique?
答案:D
解題說明:
The technique described in the scenario, where modified firmware with an altered checksum is found on multiple controllers, aligns with the Persistence stage of the MITRE ATT&CK framework for ICS (Industrial Control Systems). Persistence involves ensuring that an adversary can maintain access to a system even after reboots, credential changes, or other defensive measures. The manipulation of firmware is a classic method used by attackers to ensure that they can maintain control over a system or device across reboots or resets, which is a key characteristic of the Persistence stage.
問題 #364
A security engineer wants to reduce the attack surface of a public-facing containerized application Which of the following will best reduce the application's privilege escalation attack surface?
答案:C
解題說明:
Implementing the given commands in the Dockerfile ensures that the container runs with non-root user privileges. Running applications as a non-root user reduces the risk of privilege escalation attacks because even if an attacker compromises the application, they would have limited privileges and would not be able to perform actions that require root access.
* A. Implementing the following commands in the Dockerfile: This directly addresses the privilege escalation attack surface by ensuring the application does not run with elevated privileges.
* B. Installing an EDR on the container's host: While useful for detecting threats, this does not reduce the privilege escalation attack surface within the containerized application.
* C. Designing a multi-container solution: While beneficial for modularity and remediation, it does not specifically address privilege escalation.
* D. Running the container in an isolated network: This improves network security but does not directly reduce the privilege escalation attack surface.
References:
* CompTIA Security+ Study Guide
* Docker documentation on security best practices
* NIST SP 800-190, "Application Container Security Guide"
問題 #365
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