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Google Cloud Certified - Professional Cloud Security Engineer Exam 認定 Professional-Cloud-Security-Engineer 試験問題 (Q149-Q154):

質問 # 149
You need to set up a Cloud interconnect connection between your company's on-premises data center and VPC host network. You want to make sure that on- premises applications can only access Google APIs over the Cloud Interconnect and not through the public internet. You are required to only use APIs that are supported by VPC Service Controls to mitigate against exfiltration risk to non-supported APIs. How should you configure the network?

A. Enable Private Google Access on the regional subnets and global dynamic routing mode.
B. Set up a Private Service Connect endpoint IP address with the API bundle of "all-apis", which is advertised as a route over the Cloud interconnect connection.
C. Use private.googleapis.com to access Google APIs using a set of IP addresses only routable from within Google Cloud, which are advertised as routes over the connection.
D. Use restricted googleapis.com to access Google APIs using a set of IP addresses only routable from within Google Cloud, which are advertised as routes over the Cloud Interconnect connection.

正解：D

解説：
Note: If you need to restrict users to just the Google APIs and services that support VPC Service Controls, use restricted.googleapis.com.
https://cloud.google.com/vpc/docs/configure-private-google-access-hybrid

質問 # 150
A company is using Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE) with container images of a mission-critical application The company wants to scan the images for known security issues and securely share the report with the security team without exposing them outside Google Cloud.
What should you do?

A. 1. Enable Container Threat Detection in the Security Command Center Premium tier.
* 2. Upgrade all clusters that are not on a supported version of GKE to the latest possible GKE version.
* 3. View and share the results from the Security Command Center
B. * 1. Enable vulnerability scanning in the Artifact Registry settings.
* 2. Use Cloud Build to build the images
* 3. Push the images to the Artifact Registry for automatic scanning.
* 4. View the reports in the Artifact Registry.
C. * 1. Get a GitHub subscription.
* 2. Build the images in Cloud Build and store them in GitHub for automatic scanning
* 3. Download the report from GitHub and share with the Security Team
D. * 1. Use an open source tool in Cloud Build to scan the images.
* 2. Upload reports to publicly accessible buckets in Cloud Storage by using gsutil
* 3. Share the scan report link with your security department.

正解：B

解説：
"The service evaluates all changes and remote access attempts to detect runtime attacks in near-real time." : https://cloud.google.com/security-command-center/docs/concepts-container-threat-detection-overview This has nothing to do with KNOWN security Vulns in images

質問 # 151
Your organization is developing a sophisticated machine learning (ML) model to predict customer behavior for targeted marketing campaigns. The BigQuery dataset used for training includes sensitive personal information. You must design the security controls around the AI/ML pipeline. Data privacy must be maintained throughout the model's lifecycle and you must ensure that personal data is not used in the training process Additionally, you must restrict access to the dataset to an authorized subset of people only. What should you do?

A. Implement Identity-Aware Proxy to enforce context-aware access to BigQuery and models based on user identity and device.
B. De-identify sensitive data before model training by using Cloud Data Loss Prevention (DLP) APIs, and implement strict Identity and Access Management (IAM) policies to control access to BigQuery.
C. Deploy the model on Confidential VMs for enhanced protection of data and code while in use.
Implement strict Identity and Access Management (IAM) policies to control access to BigQuery.
D. Implement at-rest encryption by using customer-managed encryption keys (CMEK) for the pipeline.
Implement strict Identity and Access Management (IAM) policies to control access to BigQuery.

正解：B

解説：
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:
The core security and privacy requirement is to prevent personal data from being used in the training process, which necessitates de-identification. Cloud Data Loss Prevention (DLP), also referred to as Sensitive Data Protection (SDP), is the specific Google Cloud tool for this purpose. The secondary requirement, restricting access, is handled by IAM.
Extracts:
"Sensitive Data Protection (SDP)... De-identification enables you to transform your data to reduce data risk while retaining data utility." (Source 1.4)
"De-identification techniques like encryption, obfuscate raw sensitive identifiers in your data. These techniques let you preserve the utility of your data for joining or analytics, while reducing the risk of handling the data." (Source 1.1)
"DLP provides tools to classify and de-identify sensitive elements or unwanted content within your data...
Find and remove sensitive elements from your data before model training." (Source 1.4) IAM policies are the standard mechanism to satisfy the requirement to "restrict access to the dataset to an authorized subset of people only." Option B combines the precise technical solution for privacy (DLP De- identification) with the necessary access control (IAM).

質問 # 152
A company allows every employee to use Google Cloud Platform. Each department has a Google Group, with all department members as group members. If a department member creates a new project, all members of that department should automatically have read-only access to all new project resources. Members of any other department should not have access to the project. You need to configure this behavior.
What should you do to meet these requirements?

A. Create a Project per department under the Organization. For each department's Project, assign the Project Viewer role to the Google Group related to that department.
B. Create a Folder per department under the Organization. For each department's Folder, assign the Project Viewer role to the Google Group related to that department.
C. Create a Folder per department under the Organization. For each department's Folder, assign the Project Browser role to the Google Group related to that department.
D. Create a Project per department under the Organization. For each department's Project, assign the Project Browser role to the Google Group related to that department.

正解：B

解説：
To configure the behavior where each department member automatically has read-only access to all new project resources created by any department member, you should use Google Cloud's folder structure and IAM roles effectively. Here are the steps:
Create Folders for Departments: Create a folder under your Organization for each department. Folders help organize resources and provide a hierarchy for applying policies and permissions.
Assign IAM Roles to Google Groups: Assign the Project Viewer role to the Google Group associated with each department at the folder level. This ensures that all members of the group have the necessary permissions.
Inherited Permissions: When a department member creates a new project under their department's folder, the permissions assigned to the folder are inherited by the new project. Thus, all department members will automatically have read-only access to the project's resources.
Navigate to IAM & Admin in the GCP Console.
Select "Folders" from the left-hand menu.
For each department, create a new folder under the organization.
Select the newly created folder, and then go to the "Permissions" tab.
Click on "Add" to assign a new role.
Enter the email address of the Google Group for the department.
Assign the "Project Viewer" role to the group.
Access Restrictions: Since the permissions are applied at the folder level, only the members of the specific department's Google Group will have read-only access to the projects created in that folder. Other departments will not have access unless explicitly granted.
By following these steps, you ensure that department members have the required access to their respective projects without manual configuration for each new project.
Reference:
Google Cloud IAM Documentation
Google Cloud Resource Manager Documentation

質問 # 153
A customer's company has multiple business units. Each business unit operates independently, and each has their own engineering group. Your team wants visibility into all projects created within the company and wants to organize their Google Cloud Platform (GCP) projects based on different business units. Each business unit also requires separate sets of IAM permissions.
Which strategy should you use to meet these needs?

A. Assign GCP resources in a project, with a label identifying which business unit owns the resource.
B. Assign GCP resources in a VPC for each business unit to separate network access.
C. Create an organization node, and assign folders for each business unit.
D. Establish standalone projects for each business unit, using gmail.com accounts.

正解：C

解説：
To organize GCP projects based on different business units and manage IAM permissions, you should create an organization node and assign folders for each business unit. This approach allows you to logically separate projects under folders and apply IAM policies at the folder level.
Step-by-Step:
* Create Organization Node: Ensure that your GCP account is linked to an organization.
* Create Folders for Business Units:
* Navigate to the GCP Console > IAM & Admin > Resource Manager.
* Create a folder for each business unit under the organization node.
* Move Projects to Folders:
* Move existing projects into the respective folders according to the business unit.
* Set IAM Policies:
* Assign IAM roles and permissions at the folder level to manage access for each business unit independently.
* Monitor and Manage: Use Cloud Audit Logs and other GCP tools to monitor the activities and ensure compliance with the organization's policies.
References:
* Creating and Managing Folders
* Managing IAM Policies

質問 # 154
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