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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Cybersecurity & Emerging Technologies | - Security Fundamentals
|
| Networking & Internet Fundamentals | - Network Concepts
|
| Data, Databases & Information Systems | - Data Concepts
|
| IT Roles, Governance & Professional Practices | - IT Careers
|
| Computer Hardware & Software Fundamentals | - Software Systems
|
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NEW QUESTION # 45
What type of a system requirement involves preventing unauthorized access to data?
Answer: C
Explanation:
*Unauthorized access refers to gaining entry or access to a system, physical or electronic, without the permission of the owner or administrator.
*Security is the type of system requirement that involves preventing unauthorized access to data.
*Security measures include:
oAuthentication: Verifying user identity.
oEncryption: Protecting data from unauthorized viewing.
oAccess controls: Limiting who can access specific resources.
oFirewalls: Filtering network traffic.
*Ensuring security helps safeguard sensitive information and maintain data integrity.
References:
1.Unauthorized Access: Risks, Examples, and 6 Defensive Measures
2.How to Prevent Unauthorized Access: 10 Best Practices
3.Threat Picture: Unauthorized Access Prevention
4.PMC: Protecting Information with Cybersecurity
5.Cyberpedia: Unauthorized Data Access
1: Unauthorized Access: Risks, Examples, and 6 Defensive Measures 2: How to Prevent Unauthorized Access: 10 Best Practices 3: Threat Picture: Unauthorized Access Prevention 4: PMC: Protecting Information with Cybersecurity 5: Cyberpedia: Unauthorized Data Access
NEW QUESTION # 46
What is a function of a proxy server?
Answer: A
Explanation:
A proxy server serves several essential functions in network communication:
1.Security and Privacy:
oA proxy server acts as a gateway between the user's device and the internet. When a user sends a request (e.g., accessing a website), it first goes through the proxy server.
oThe proxy server hides the user's IP address, making it difficult for external entities to directly trace the user's location or identity.
oBy acting as an intermediary, the proxy server provides an additional layer of security, protecting the internal network from potential threats and attacks.
2.Content Filtering and Access Control:
oOrganizations often use proxy servers to control internet access for their employees. The proxy can filter requests based on predefined rules.
oFor example, an organization might block access to certain websites (e.g., social media, gambling sites) or restrict access during work hours.
oContent filtering helps maintain productivity and prevent unauthorized access to inappropriate or harmful content.
3.Caching and Acceleration:
oProxy servers can cache frequently accessed web pages, images, and files. When a user requests the same content again, the proxy serves it from its cache.
oCaching reduces the load on the internet connection and speeds up access to commonly visited sites.
oIt also helps save bandwidth by minimizing redundant data transfers.
4.Load Balancing:
oIn large networks, multiple proxy servers can distribute incoming requests to different web servers. This load balancing ensures efficient utilization of resources.
oBy evenly distributing traffic, proxy servers prevent any single server from becoming overwhelmed.
5.Anonymity and Geolocation Bypass:
oSome users use proxy servers to hide their real IP addresses. This anonymity can be useful for privacy reasons or to bypass geolocation restrictions.
oFor example, a user in one country can use a proxy server located in another country to access region-restricted content.
References
1.SoftwareLab: What is a Proxy Server? Types & Examples You Need to Know
2.Kinsta: What Is a Proxy Server Used For? (And How Does It Work?)
3.Fortinet: What is a Proxy Server? Definition, Uses & More
4.KnowledgeHut: What is Proxy Server? Types, Functions & Use Cases
5.Varonis: What is a Proxy Server and How Does it Work?
NEW QUESTION # 47
What is the name for computer code that humans can understand?
Answer: A
Explanation:
High-level programming language is the term for computer code that humans can understand. In Information Technology, high-level languages are designed to be readable and closer to natural language and mathematical notation than the binary instructions used by hardware. Examples include Python, Java, C#, and JavaScript. High-level languages use keywords, structured syntax, and abstractions that allow programmers to focus on problem solving rather than on hardware-specific details like memory addresses and CPU registers.
This improves development speed, reduces errors, and makes software easier to maintain. High-level code must be translated into machine language before it can run on a computer. This translation can occur through compilation or interpretation. Compiled language and interpreted language describe how code is executed, not whether it is human-readable. Machine language is the lowest-level code expressed in binary and is not easily understood by humans. Therefore, the correct answer for human-understandable code is high-level programming language.
NEW QUESTION # 48
Which hardware component stores instructions for critical system activities?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Read-only memory, or ROM, stores instructions for critical system activities, especially the firmware used during startup. In Information Technology fundamentals, ROM contains non-volatile instructions that remain available even when the computer is powered off. These instructions typically include the system firmware responsible for initializing hardware, performing basic checks, and starting the boot process that loads the operating system. Because ROM is designed to retain its contents without power, it is appropriate for storing essential routines that the computer must access immediately when it turns on. RAM is volatile and loses contents when power is removed, so it cannot reliably store permanent startup instructions. The CPU executes instructions but does not store firmware permanently. The GPU is a specialized processor for graphics and parallel workloads and is not responsible for storing core boot instructions. Although modern systems often use flash-based firmware rather than older fixed ROM chips, this is still categorized as ROM or ROM-like non-volatile firmware storage in many IT documents. Therefore, the correct component is ROM.
NEW QUESTION # 49
What is true about an operating system?
Answer: C
Explanation:
An operating system (OS) is a crucial component of the computer system. It is not firmware, which would be embedded into the hardware (eliminating option A), nor is it an application program like a word processor (eliminating option B). It is also not a hardware component (eliminating option D). Instead, an operating system is system software that manages computer hardware and software resources and provides common services for computer programs. This includes managing processes, memory, files, security, and input/output operations. The OS acts as an intermediary between applications and the computer hardware, making it possible for other software to run on the computer.
References:
*Operating system definition from OxfordDictionaries1.
*Wikipedia article on Operating Systems2.
*Guru99's explanation of what an Operating System is3.
*How-To Geek's description of an Operating System4.
NEW QUESTION # 50
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