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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Spanning Tree Protocols | 8-12% | - STP, RSTP, MSTP, VSTP - BPDU and protection features - Port roles and states - Configuration and convergence |
| Topic 2: Tunnels | 5-8% | - Tunnel configuration and usage - GRE and IP-IP tunnels |
| Topic 3: IPv6 | 8-12% | - Autoconfiguration - OSPFv3 and BGP for IPv6 - Address types and format - Static and dynamic routing |
| Topic 4: High Availability | 5-8% | - NSR and GRES concepts - Graceful restart - Nonstop active routing |
| Topic 5: Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) | 15-20% | - Configuration and troubleshooting - Link-state database - LSA types and operation - Areas and router types |
| Topic 6: Layer 2 Bridging and VLANs | 8-12% | - Service provider switching features - Bridging concepts - VLANs and trunking |
| Topic 7: Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) | 20-25% | - Path selection and attributes - Configuration and troubleshooting - IBGP and EBGP - Basic operation and message types - Policy and route filtering |
| Topic 8: Protocol-Independent Routing | 10-15% | - Routing instances and RIB groups - Static, aggregate, and generated routes - Filter-based forwarding - Load balancing - Martian addresses |
| Topic 9: Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS) | 10-15% | - Configuration and monitoring - PDUs and TLVs - Adjacencies and levels - Metrics and wide metrics |
| Topic 10: Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) | 12-18% | - Configuration and monitoring - LDP and RSVP - Terminology and forwarding - Segment routing basics - Labels and LIB |
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NEW QUESTION # 153
You must ensure that your routing platform with redundant REs continues to forward packets, even if one RE fails. Which technology would you use to accomplish this task?
Answer: A
Explanation:
For Juniper platforms equipped with dualRouting Engines (REs), the fundamental technology required to provide high availability during a hardware or software failure of the primary RE isGraceful Routing Engine Switchover (GRES).
According to Juniper Networks technical documentation, GRES allows the backup RE to stay in a "hot" standby state. When GRES is enabled, the primary RE synchronizes critical state information with the backup RE, specifically thechassis stateand theinterface state. This synchronization includes the Packet Forwarding Engine (PFE) configuration.
When the primary RE fails, the backup RE takes over immediately. Because the PFE (which resides on the line cards) was already synchronized and is not restarted during the switchover, the routercontinues to forward packetsthat are already in flight or part of established flows. This prevents a complete network outage during an RE failover.
Comparison with other options:
* NSB (Non-Stop Bridging - Option A):Focuses specifically on maintaining Layer 2 protocol states (like STP) during a switchover.
* LAG (Link Aggregation - Option B):Provides redundancy for physical links, not the control plane or the RE.
* BFD (Bidirectional Forwarding Detection - Option C):Is a protocol used for rapid detection of link or neighbor failures; it does not protect the RE or maintain forwarding during an internal switchover.
It is important to note that while GRES maintains theforwardingstate, it does not by itself maintain therouting protocolstate (adjacencies). To keep OSPF or BGP sessions from dropping during the switchover, GRES must be paired withNon-Stop Active Routing (NSR). However, as the question focuses on the core requirement of continuing to forward packets,GRESis the foundational technology.
NEW QUESTION # 154
You are troubleshooting a Level 1 IS-IS router that has an adjacency with a Level 1/2 router. Which two statements are correct in this scenario? (Choose two.)
Answer: A,D
Explanation:
In the context ofJuniper Networks Junos OSand theIS-IS (Intermediate System to Intermediate System) protocol, understanding the hierarchical relationship between router levels is critical for effective troubleshooting and design. IS-IS uses a two-level hierarchy to manage scalability:Level 1 (L1), which represents intra-area routing, andLevel 2 (L2), which represents inter-area backbone routing.
When a router is configured as aLevel 1/2 (L1/L2)device, it acts as a bridge between the two levels.
According to Juniper technical documentation, an L1/L2 router maintains two completelyseparate Link- State Databases (LSDB)-one for Level 1 and one for Level 2. It does not merge these into a single topology. This separation ensures that local area topology changes (L1) do not necessarily flood into the backbone (L2) unless specific redistribution is configured, and vice versa. Therefore, statementCis correct because the L1/L2 router maintains distinct SPF (Shortest Path First) computations for each level.
Regarding the visibility of the Level 1 router, IS-IS is designed to keep L1 areas "stubby" by default. ALevel
1 routeronly possesses the topology information for its own area (the Level 1 LSDB). It does not receive specific L2 routes or the L2 topology. Instead, the L1/L2 router sets theAttached (ATT) bitin its L1 Link- State PDUs (LSPs) to signal to L1-only routers that it has a connection to the backbone. The L1 router then generates a default route pointing to the L1/L2 router to reach inter-area destinations. This confirms that statementDis correct: the L1 router's knowledge is limited to its local L1 topology.
Conversely, statements A and B are incorrect because merging topologies would violate the hierarchical scaling principles of IS-IS, and L1 routers never learn the full L2 topology without explicit, non-standard route leaking.
NEW QUESTION # 155
In IS-IS, what would you use to control which external routes are installed in the routing table?
Answer: D
Explanation:
In Junos OS, the flow of routing information is managed by policies that sit between the protocol's database (the RIB-In/LSDB) and the main routing table (inet.0). Understanding the direction of these policies is critical for correct configuration.
Animport policy (Option B)is used to control the movement of routes from a routing protocol into the routing table. According to Juniper Service Provider documentation, even though IS-IS is a link-state protocol that requires all routers in an area to have an identical Link-State Database (LSDB), animport policycan be used to filter which of those validated routes are actually placed into inet.0 for forwarding. For external routes (routes leaked into IS-IS from other areas or protocols), an import policy allows an administrator to selectively accept or reject prefixes based on specific criteria like prefix-lists or community tags.
It is important to distinguish this from anexport policy (Option A). In Junos, an export policy is used to take routesalready inthe routing table and push themoutto a protocol to be advertised to neighbors. For example, you would use an export policy to redistribute static routes into IS-IS.Route preference (Option C)is a global value used to select between different protocols for the same prefix, and theinterface metric (Option D)is used by the SPF algorithm to calculate the shortest path within the IS-IS database itself. Therefore, to specifically control which learned external routes are "installed" into the forwarding table, theimport policyis the correct tool.
NEW QUESTION # 156
What is the correct order of BGP attributes for active route selection?
Answer: C
Explanation:
BGP selects the active route based on an ordered list of attributes. The correct order is:
Weight (Cisco proprietary, not listed in the options)
Local Preference
Network (route) originated from the BGP router itself
Shortest AS Path
Lowest Origin Type
Lowest MED
eBGP over iBGP paths
Closest IGP Neighbor
Lowest Router ID
The next hop is checked for reachability but is not part of the BGP decision process for selecting the best path.
NEW QUESTION # 157
Which BGP attribute is used to detect routing loops?
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 158
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