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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Capital Budgeting | - Payback period analysis - Internal rate of return (IRR) - Net present value (NPV) |
| Cost of Capital and Valuation | - Weighted average cost of capital (WACC) - Bond and stock valuation basics |
| Risk and Return | - Portfolio risk and diversification - Expected return |
| Financial Statement Analysis | - Cash flow analysis - Balance sheet and income statement interpretation - Financial ratios |
| Time Value of Money | - Annuities and perpetuities - Present and future value calculations |
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NEW QUESTION # 78
Why might investors choose to invest in junk bonds?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Junk bonds, also known as high-yield bonds, are issued by firms with lower credit ratings and therefore higher default risk. To compensate investors for this additional risk, these bonds offer higher interest rates than investment-grade bonds. From a financial management and portfolio perspective, investors may include junk bonds to enhance portfolio returns, particularly when they believe default risk is overstated or when economic conditions are favorable. Junk bonds do not guarantee returns and are not backed by government guarantees, making options A and D incorrect. They also do not consistently outperform equities, especially during periods of financial stress. Option B accurately reflects the risk- return tradeoff that underpins investment decisions in capital market theory: higher expected returns are associated with higher risk.
NEW QUESTION # 79
Which group does the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) work with closely to oversee broker- dealers?
Answer: C
Explanation:
The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) is the primary federal regulator of U.S. securities markets, but it works closely with self-regulatory organizations to oversee market participants. The Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) is the main self-regulatory organization responsible for supervising broker- dealers, enforcing rules, and protecting investors. FINRA operates under SEC oversight, creating a layered regulatory framework that combines government authority with industry-specific expertise. This collaboration enhances market integrity and investor protection. Option C correctly identifies FINRA as the SEC's primary partner in broker-dealer oversight.
NEW QUESTION # 80
Why should a firm not carry too much cash?
Answer: C
Explanation:
A firm should avoid holding too much cash because excess cash creates opportunity costs. Cash is highly liquid and useful for transactions, precautionary needs, and flexibility, but it normally earns a lower return than productive investments such as equipment, expansion projects, debt reduction, or marketable securities with higher yields. When a company keeps more cash than needed for operations and risk management, it sacrifices the potential return that those funds could have earned elsewhere. Financial management emphasizes balancing liquidity against profitability. Too little cash can create distress and limit the ability to pay obligations on time, while too much cash can weaken overall performance by leaving resources idle.
Choice C is correct because opportunity cost is the most direct financial drawback of excessive cash balances.
Choice A is incorrect because firms do not pay interest simply for holding cash. Choice B is also incorrect because cash itself does not automatically create higher taxes in the way described. Choice D is not a valid financial objective. Therefore, C is the correct answer because unused cash can reduce shareholder value when it is not deployed in higher-return uses.
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NEW QUESTION # 81
Why might tax expense on the income statement not reflect the actual taxes paid by a firm?
Answer: D
Explanation:
Tax expense reported on the income statement is calculated using accrual accounting, which recognizes revenues and expenses when they are earned or incurred, not necessarily when cash is paid. In contrast, actual taxes paid are based on tax laws and cash payments made to tax authorities. Differences arise due to temporary and permanent timing differences between financial reporting rules and tax regulations. Examples include depreciation methods, revenue recognition timing, loss carryforwards, and deferred tax assets or liabilities. These differences cause tax expense to diverge from cash taxes paid in a given period. Financial managers and analysts must understand this distinction to accurately assess cash flows, particularly when forecasting free cash flow or valuing firms. Option A correctly explains this discrepancy, whereas the other options either deny the existence of differences or incorrectly characterize tax expense accounting.
NEW QUESTION # 82
What is a holding cost in inventory management?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Holding cost, also called carrying cost, refers to the costs a firm incurs by keeping inventory on hand over time. These costs include storage, insurance, obsolescence, deterioration, spoilage, and the risk of price declines or damage. In addition, financial management often includes the opportunity cost of capital tied up in inventory as part of carrying cost. The key idea is that inventory is not free to hold; it uses space, requires protection, and can lose value while sitting unsold. Choice D is correct because it captures an important category of holding cost: the expense related to damage or unfavorable price changes. Choice A is incorrect because a discount to customers is a selling decision, not a holding cost. Choice B describes a production investment rather than an inventory carrying cost. Choice C relates more to receivables collection than to inventory holding. Effective inventory management aims to balance holding costs against ordering costs and stockout risk. Therefore, D is the correct answer because holding costs arise from maintaining inventory and facing the risk that stored goods may deteriorate, become obsolete, or lose value over time.
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NEW QUESTION # 83
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