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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: WLAN Network Architecture and Design Concepts | 15% | - Network design principles
|
| Topic 2: Radio Frequency (RF) Technologies | 20% | - RF fundamentals and behavior
|
| Topic 3: WLAN Troubleshooting and Management | 15% | - Monitoring and maintenance
|
| Topic 4: WLAN Network Security | 15% | - Security threats and mitigation
|
| Topic 5: WLAN Regulations and Standards | 15% | - IEEE 802.11 standards and amendments
|
| Topic 6: WLAN Protocols and Devices | 20% | - Wireless hardware and software
|
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NEW QUESTION # 62
You manage a WLAN with 100 802.11ac access points. All access points are configured to use
80 MHz channels. In a particular BSS, only 40 MHz communications are seen. What is the likely cause of this behavior?
Answer: A
Explanation:
The clients are all 802.11n STAs or lower is the likely cause of this behavior. If a WLAN with 100
802.11ac access points is configured to use 80 MHz channels, but only 40 MHz communications are seen in a particular BSS, it means that the clients in that BSS do not support 80 MHz channels. This could be because they are using older standards, such as 802.11n or lower, that do not support 80 MHz channels. Alternatively, they could be using newer standards, such as
802.11ac or ax, but have their channel width settings limited to 40 MHz or lower due to device capabilities or configuration options. In either case, the AP will adapt to the client's channel width and use only 40 MHz of the 80 MHz allocated bandwidth to communicate with them. This will reduce the potential throughput and efficiency of the WLAN.
NEW QUESTION # 63
What best describes WPA2 in relation to 802.11 wireless networks?
Answer: C
Explanation:
WPA2 (Wi-Fi Protected Access 2) is a security certification program developed by the Wi-Fi Alliance to secure wireless computer networks. It is important to understand the following:
* WPA2 and the 802.11 Standard: While WPA2 is based on elements of the 802.11i amendment to the
802.11 standard, it is not itself a standard but rather a certification to ensure devices comply with certain security criteria, including the correct implementation of CCMP (Counter Mode Cipher Block Chaining Message Authentication Code Protocol) and AES (Advanced Encryption Standard).
* CCMP/AES Implementation: WPA2 enhances the security of wireless networks by using CCMP for encryption, which is based on AES, a robust encryption algorithm. This represents a significant security improvement over WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy) and WPA (Wi-Fi Protected Access) that used TKIP (Temporal Key Integrity Protocol).
* WPA vs. WPA2: WPA was the interim security enhancement over WEP, utilizing TKIP for encryption. WPA2, however, moved to the more secure AES-based encryption method. Contrary to option C, WPA2 does not enhance security by using TKIP; it uses CCMP/AES.
Therefore, option B correctly describes WPA2 as a certification program ensuring devices properly implement the more secure CCMP/AES encryption methods.
References:
Wi-Fi Alliance website for WPA2 certification details.
IEEE 802.11i-2004: Amendment for Enhanced Security.
NEW QUESTION # 64
What is the key difference between a passive and an active manual site survey?
Answer: B
Explanation:
In a passive site survey, the survey software listens for beacon frames from nearby APs to measure signal strength and coverage without actually associating with any of them. In an active site survey, the surveyor's device associates with each AP in turn and can measure actual throughput, retransmissions, and other performance metrics under real association conditions.
Active surveys provide more accurate real-world performance data but take longer to conduct than passive surveys.
NEW QUESTION # 65
During a post-implementation survey, you have detected a non-802.11 wireless device transmitting in the area used by handheld 802.11g scanners. What is the most important factor in determining the impact of this non-802.11 device?
Answer: B
Explanation:
Airtime Utilization is a per-channel statistic that defines what percentage of the channel is currently being used, and what percentage is therefore free. Airtime usage can come from: Data traffic to and from client devices. Interference from WiFi and non-WiFi sources. Management overhead from APs and client devices.https://wyebot.com/2019/06/06/understanding-airtime-utilization/
NEW QUESTION # 66
When considering data rates available in HT and VHT PHY devices, in addition to the modulation, coding, channel width, and spatial streams, what impacts the data rate according to the MCS tables?
Answer: B
Explanation:
The guard interval is a short period of time inserted between the symbols of an OFDM signal to prevent inter-symbol interference and improve the robustness of the transmission. The guard interval can have different values depending on the 802.11 standard and the configuration of the device. For example, 802.11n supports two guard intervals: 800 ns (normal) and 400 ns (short).
802.11ac supports the same guard intervals as 802.11n, plus an optional 200 ns guard interval for 80 MHz and 160 MHz channels. 802.11ax supports three guard intervals: 800 ns, 1600 ns, and 3200 ns.
The guard interval affects the data rate because it determines the duration of each symbol. A shorter guard interval means more symbols can be transmitted in a given time, resulting in a higher data rate. However, a shorter guard interval also means less protection against inter- symbol interference, which may degrade the signal quality and increase the error rate. Therefore, there is a trade-off between data rate and reliability when choosing the guard interval. The MCS tables for HT and VHT PHY devices show the data rates for different combinations of modulation, coding, channel width, spatial streams, and guard intervals. For example, for a VHT device using MCS 9 with QAM-256 modulation, 5/6 coding rate, 80 MHz channel width, and one spatial stream, the data rate is 433.3 Mbps with a normal guard interval (800 ns) and 486.7 Mbps with a short guard interval (400 ns). Therefore, the guard interval impacts the data rate according to the MCS tables.
NEW QUESTION # 67
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