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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Topic 1: Job Plan Phases | - Function Analysis Phase
|
| Topic 2: Value Methodology Overview | - Principles of Value Engineering / Value Analysis
|
| Topic 3: Professional Practice Requirements | - Value study facilitation - Project documentation and reporting |
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NEW QUESTION # 112
A baseline design has a function cost of $120,000 and the team estimates the function worth at $80,000.
Using VI = FC ÷ FW, what is the Value Index?
Answer: C
Explanation:
The correct answer is C . Using the stated formula, Value Index = Function Cost ÷ Function Worth =
$120,000 ÷ $80,000 = 1.50 . SAVE's dictionary defines Function Cost as the directly related resources allocated to a function and Function Worth as the lowest overall cost to perform a function without regard to criteria or code. It also defines Value Index as the monetary relationship of function cost to function worth, expressed as FC ÷ FW, where good value is VI # 1.0.
Option A reverses the formula and calculates FW ÷ FC. Option B would mean cost equals worth, which is not true here. Option D has no mathematical basis from the numbers given. A VI of 1.50 indicates a value mismatch: the current function cost exceeds the function worth. This does not automatically mean the function should be eliminated, but it does identify a strong candidate for creativity and evaluation. CVS candidates must be careful because some older materials express the ratio in reverse; the exam stem controls the formula.
References/topics: Evaluation Phase; Function Cost; Function Worth; Value Index.
NEW QUESTION # 113
Subject information:
Service Life = 12 years
Fuel = $9.00 per liter
Annual kilometers driven = 40,000 kilometers
Car A: Paid $40,000 , needs batteries every two years at $600 , needs tires every two years at $1,000 , fuel efficiency = 10 kilometers per liter .
Car B: Paid $50,000 , needs tires every two years at $2,000 , fuel efficiency = 15 kilometer per liter .
Car C: Paid $60,000 , needs tires every two years at $4,000 , fuel efficiency = 20 kilometer per liter .
What is the annual cost for Car C for the service life of the vehicle?
Answer: C
Explanation:
The correct answer is B. $216,000 . The question is asking for the annual operating cost for Car C across the full 12-year service life , not the one-year annual fuel cost alone. In life-cycle cost analysis, SAVE defines life-cycle cost as the sum of initial cost, recurrent annual cost, single expenditures, and disposal cost or salvage value over a specified period. It also defines recurrent annual cost as the operation and maintenance cost that occurs throughout each year of service life.
For Car C , annual fuel use is calculated from the annual driving distance and fuel efficiency:
40,000 km per year ÷ 20 km per liter = 2,000 liters per year
Fuel costs $9.00 per liter , so the annual fuel cost is:
2,000 liters × $9 = $18,000 per year
The service life is 12 years , so the annual cost over the service life is:
$18,000 × 12 years = $216,000
Option A. $18,000 is only the annual cost for one year. Option C. $198,000 has no valid basis from the stated data. Option D. $36,000 would match neither Car C's annual fuel use nor its service-life total. Tire replacement cost is excluded because the question asks for annual cost, not repair and replacement cost.
References/topics: Evaluation Phase; Life-Cycle Cost; Recurrent Annual Cost; Fuel Operating Cost; Service Life Costing.
NEW QUESTION # 114
Carpet and vinyl tile are acceptable alternatives for an owner to cover 1,000 square meters of floor.
Carpet
Installed cost, including pad = $30 / square meter
Service life = 10 years
Maintenance cost: vacuum weekly = $500 / month
Maintenance cost: shampoo once per year = $3,000 / shampoo
Vinyl
Installed cost, including pad = $10 / square meter
Service life = 15 years
Maintenance cost: vacuum weekly = $400 / month
Maintenance cost: strip and wax once per month = $1,000 / strip and wax Between carpet and vinyl, which is a better value option for the owner over the service life of the products?
Answer: A
Explanation:
The correct answer is A. Carpet $120,000 . This is an Evaluation Phase life-cycle cost comparison. SAVE's VM Dictionary defines life-cycle cost as the sum of initial cost, recurrent annual cost, single expenditures, and disposal or salvage value over a specified period. It also defines recurrent annual cost as operation and maintenance cost occurring throughout each year of service life.
For carpet , the initial cost is:
1,000 square meters × $30 = $30,000
The monthly vacuum maintenance cost is:
$500 × 12 months × 10 years = $60,000
The annual shampoo cost is:
$3,000 × 10 years = $30,000
Therefore, carpet life-cycle cost is:
$30,000 + $60,000 + $30,000 = $120,000
Vinyl is not the better value option in the listed choices. Even though vinyl has a lower initial installed cost, its recurring strip-and-wax maintenance is significant. Over a 10-year comparison period, vinyl would be:
$10,000 + $48,000 + $120,000 = $178,000
That corresponds to option D, but it is higher than carpet's $120,000. The CVS exam trap is focusing on lowest initial cost instead of total cost over the study period. In Value Methodology, value decisions require considering function, performance, and total resource commitment, not first cost alone.
References/topics: Evaluation Phase; Life-Cycle Cost; Initial Cost; Recurrent Annual Cost; Alternative Comparison.
NEW QUESTION # 115
Pareto's law of distribution can be applied to
Choose 4 answers.
Answer: A,B,C,E
Explanation:
The correct answers are A, C, D, and E . Pareto's law of distribution, often expressed as the 80/20 principle , is used in Value Methodology to focus team attention on the "vital few" items that create the greatest effect.
In a VM study, this principle helps the team avoid spreading effort equally across all issues and instead concentrate on the limited number of elements that drive most of the project impact.
It can be applied to time , because a small number of activities often consume most of the schedule or create major delay exposure. It can be applied to quality , because a limited group of defects, failures, or performance gaps may account for most quality problems. It can be applied to risk , because a small number of risk events often carry the largest probability-impact burden. It is also highly applicable to costs , because VM studies commonly use cost models and cost distribution to identify high-cost elements for function analysis and value improvement.
Standards are not normally treated as Pareto-distributed variables; they are requirements or constraints.
Performance is important in VM, but Pareto application is more directly tied to measurable distributions such as cost, time, quality problems, and risk exposure.
References/topics: Information Phase; Pareto Analysis; Cost Modeling; Risk Identification; Quality Drivers; Schedule Drivers.
NEW QUESTION # 116
Which of the following are common change drivers?
Choose 3 answers
Answer: A,B,D
Explanation:
The correct answers are C. Technological evolution, D. Process reviews, and E. Crises . In VM facilitation and change management, a change driver is a force or condition that creates the need for an organization to alter processes, systems, products, services, or behaviors. SAVE's Value Methodology glossary specifically identifies common change drivers as including technological evolution, process reviews, and crises , along with other external and internal pressures. ( ) Technological evolution drives change because new tools, automation, systems, and digital capabilities can make existing methods outdated or inefficient. Process reviews are also common drivers because structured review often reveals waste, duplication, poor function performance, or value gaps that require improvement.
Crises are strong change drivers because urgent disruption, failure, cost pressure, safety issues, or market shock can force rapid organizational response.
Option A, organizational culture, may influence how change is accepted or resisted, but it is not listed here as a primary change driver. Option B, maintaining habits, is usually a resistance behavior, not a driver of change.
References/topics: VM Facilitation and Team Dynamics; Change Management; Change Drivers; Organizational Change; VM Programs.
NEW QUESTION # 117
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