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Both practice exams (web-based & desktop) give a Linux Foundation CKS real exam feeling and identify your mistakes so you can overcome your weaknesses before the CKS final test. The desktop Linux Foundation CKS Practice Test software works on Windows after software installation. You can take the web-based Certified Kubernetes Security Specialist (CKS) CKS practice exam via any operating system.
| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Minimize Microservice Vulnerabilities | 20% | - Isolation & multi-tenancy - Pod Security Standards - Security contexts - Secret management - OPA/Gatekeeper implementation |
| Cluster Hardening | 15% | - Service account security - RBAC configuration - API access restriction - Component updates & vulnerability mitigation |
| Supply Chain Security | 20% | - Signed artifacts & verification - SBOM & CI/CD security - Permitted registries - Image security & scanning - Static analysis tools |
| Monitoring, Logging and Runtime Security | 20% | - Threat detection (Falco) - Behavioral analytics - Audit log configuration - Incident investigation - Container immutability |
| System Hardening | 10% | - Least privilege IAM - Kernel hardening (AppArmor, seccomp) - Minimize OS attack surface - Network access control |
| Cluster Setup | 15% | - Node metadata protection - Network security policies - CIS benchmark compliance - Binary verification - Secure Ingress configuration |
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NEW QUESTION # 54
SIMULATION
Create a User named john, create the CSR Request, fetch the certificate of the user after approving it.
Create a Role name john-role to list secrets, pods in namespace john
Finally, Create a RoleBinding named john-role-binding to attach the newly created role john-role to the user john in the namespace john.
To Verify: Use the kubectl auth CLI command to verify the permissions.
Answer:
Explanation:
See explanation below
Explanation:
se kubectl to create a CSR and approve it.
Get the list of CSRs:
kubectl get csr
Approve the CSR:
kubectl certificate approve myuser
Get the certificate
Retrieve the certificate from the CSR:
kubectl get csr/myuser -o yaml
here are the role and role-binding to give john permission to create NEW_CRD resource:
kubectl apply -f roleBindingJohn.yaml --as=john
rolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/john_external-rosource-rb created kind: RoleBinding apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1 metadata:
name: john_crd
namespace: development-john
subjects:
- kind: User
name: john
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
roleRef:
kind: ClusterRole
name: crd-creation
kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
name: crd-creation
rules:
- apiGroups: ["kubernetes-client.io/v1"]
resources: ["NEW_CRD"]
verbs: ["create, list, get"]
NEW QUESTION # 55
You are tasked with securing a Kubemetes cluster that is running on AWS- One of the security best practices you want to implement is to limit tne number of IP addresses that can access the Kubernetes API server. You need to configure the 'kube-apiserver' to only allow access from specific IP addresses, using the '--insecure-bind-address' flag to restrict access.
How would you configure 'kube-apiserver' to achieve this using an '--insecure-bind-address' flag, but allow access from only specific IP addresses?
Answer:
Explanation:
Solution (Step by Step) :
1 . Identify Allowed IP Addresses: Determine the specific IP addresses that should be allowed to access the Kubernetes API server. For example, you might allow access from your local machine's IP address (e.g., 192.168.1.100), and the IP addresses of any bastion hosts that are used for remote management.
2. Modify the 'kube-apiserver' Configuration:
- Locate the 'kube-apjserver' configuration file (typically found at "etc/kubernetestmanifests/kube-apiserver.yaml or similar).
- In tne 'kube-apiserver' configuration file, find tne '--insecure-bind-address' flag.
- Set the '--insecure-bind-address' flag to '0.0.0.0' to allow access from all IP addresses.
3. Restart 'kube-apiserver': Apply the updated configuration file. Depending on how the Kubernetes cluster is deployed, you may need to restart the 'kube-apisepver' pod or container. 4. Verify the Configuration: - After restarting 'kube-apiservers , test that you can access the API server from the allowed IP addresses. - Test from any disallowed IP addresses to confirm access is blocked.
NEW QUESTION # 56
Create a new NetworkPolicy named deny-all in the namespace testing which denies all traffic of type ingress and egress traffic
Answer:
Explanation:
You can create a "default" isolation policy for a namespace by creating a NetworkPolicy that selects all pods but does not allow any ingress traffic to those pods.
---
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: NetworkPolicy
metadata:
name: default-deny-ingress
spec:
podSelector: {}
policyTypes:
- Ingress
You can create a "default" egress isolation policy for a namespace by creating a NetworkPolicy that selects all pods but does not allow any egress traffic from those pods.
---
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: NetworkPolicy
metadata:
name: allow-all-egress
spec:
podSelector: {}
egress:
- {}
policyTypes:
- Egress
Default deny all ingress and all egress traffic
You can create a "default" policy for a namespace which prevents all ingress AND egress traffic by creating the following NetworkPolicy in that namespace.
---
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: NetworkPolicy
metadata:
name: default-deny-all
spec:
podSelector: {}
policyTypes:
- Ingress
- Egress
This ensures that even pods that aren't selected by any other NetworkPolicy will not be allowed ingress or egress traffic.
NEW QUESTION # 57
Use the kubesec docker images to scan the given YAML manifest, edit and apply the advised changes, and passed with a score of 4 points.
kubesec-test.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
name: kubesec-demo
spec:
containers:
- name: kubesec-demo
image: gcr.io/google-samples/node-hello:1.0
securityContext:
readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
Hint: docker run -i kubesec/kubesec:512c5e0 scan /dev/stdin < kubesec-test.yaml
Answer:
Explanation:
kubesec scan k8s-deployment.yaml
cat <<EOF > kubesec-test.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
name: kubesec-demo
spec:
containers:
- name: kubesec-demo
image: gcr.io/google-samples/node-hello:1.0
securityContext:
readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
EOF
kubesec scan kubesec-test.yaml
docker run -i kubesec/kubesec:512c5e0 scan /dev/stdin < kubesec-test.yaml kubesec http 8080 &
[1] 12345
{"severity":"info","timestamp":"2019-05-12T11:58:34.662+0100","caller":"server/server.go:69","message":"Starting HTTP server on port 8080"} curl -sSX POST --data-binary @test/asset/score-0-cap-sys-admin.yml http://localhost:8080/scan
[
{
"object": "Pod/security-context-demo.default",
"valid": true,
"message": "Failed with a score of -30 points",
"score": -30,
"scoring": {
"critical": [
{
"selector": "containers[] .securityContext .capabilities .add == SYS_ADMIN",
"reason": "CAP_SYS_ADMIN is the most privileged capability and should always be avoided"
},
{
"selector": "containers[] .securityContext .runAsNonRoot == true",
"reason": "Force the running image to run as a non-root user to ensure least privilege"
},
// ...
NEW QUESTION # 58
You are running a Kubernetes cluster with a deployment named "my-app" that uses a container image from a public registry. You suspect that a recent deployment update may have introduced a vulnerability in one of the containers. You want to apply a security patch to the container image Without rebuilding it. Explain now you would implement this using a container patching tool like 'kpatch' and update the deployment.
Answer:
Explanation:
Solution (Step by Step) :
1. Install 'kpatch'
- Install the 'kpatch' tool on your system or within your Kubernetes cluster. 'kpatch' is a utility for patching running Linux kernels and user-space programs without rebuilding them.
2. Identify the Vulnerable Library:
- Use a vulnerability scanner like Trivy to identify the specific vulnerable library within the container image.
3. Patch the Vulnerable Library:
- Use 'kpatch' to apply the security patch to the vulnerable library within the running container.
- You can use the 'kpatch apply' command with the patch file and the containers process ID to apply the patch.
4. Update the Deployment
- While 'kpatch' allows for patching running containers, it's important to note that the patch will be lost when the container restarts. To ensure persistence, you need to update the deployment to use a patched container image:
- Obtain a patched version of the container image from a trusted source or build your own patched image.
- Update the "my-app" deployment configuration to pull the patched image from your registry.
5. Validate the Patch:
- After updating the deployment, verify that the patch has been successfully applied by running a vulnerability scan on the running container.
NEW QUESTION # 59
......
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