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CIPS L4M8試験は調達および供給業界で高い評価を受け、この分野の専門家向けの貴重な認定として世界中の雇用主に認められています。この試験は、業界の実践者のニーズに合わせて設計され、定期的に更新されています。調達および供給のキャリアを進めたい専門家にとって、CIPS L4M8試験は、知識とスキルを証明し、競争の激しい求人市場で差別化するための優れた方法です。
花に欺く言語紹介より自分で体験したほうがいいです。CIPS L4M8問題集は我々CertJukenでは直接に無料のダウンロードを楽しみにしています。弊社の経験豊かなチームはあなたに最も信頼性の高いCIPS L4M8問題集備考資料を作成して提供します。CIPS L4M8問題集の購買に何か質問があれば、我々の職員は皆様のお問い合わせを待っています。
CIPS L4M8試験は、調達とサプライチェーン管理に関連する幅広いトピックをカバーしています。この認定で説明されている重要なトピックには、調達戦略、サプライヤーの選択と管理、契約管理、交渉、リスク管理が含まれます。この試験は、これらの主要なトピックの候補者の知識、理解、および適用をテストするように設計されています。
質問 # 51
What are five recognized types of modern slavery?
正解：
解説：
See the answer in explanation.
Explanation:
Modern slavery is against ethical and responsible sourcing. Modern slavery is one of the areas to understudy for procurement professionals to carry out ethical and responsible sourcing and this is recognized in five ways.
1. Human trafficking: The process of seeking, recruiting, transporting and exploiting individuals to work against their will. Often human trafficking includes violence, deception, and coercion.
2. Bonded labour (debt bondage): This is an individual's promise to provide service through ex-ploitation as repayment, or part thereof, of a dept or other obligation.
3. Forced labour: Work that people are forced to do with the treat of punishment if it is not carried out.
4. Children labour: The exploitative and illegal employment of children.
5. Domestic slavery: Individuals exploited through working in private households for little or no money in return for living accommodation
質問 # 52
Which contract term contains details of when a product or service should be delivered and ex-plained the potential loss of business?
正解：
解説：
Contract terms are the right and duties agreed between parties with which are then documented in contract. Terms can be either implied or expression.
Implied terms are always present in a contract and are set by national laws; like the sales of goods act, whereas express terms are negotiated and created, for example; time is of the essence. When the procurement professional is setting key performance indicators, where which the supplier's performance will be monitored and managed, the KPI is expected to be SMART. The SMART is an acronym that is used to set KPI and specification. It means:
Specific
Measurable
Achievable
Relevant
Time bound
質問 # 53
What are the two types of damage clauses that can be created within a contract?
正解：
解説：
Damages are 'sum of money that the supplier pays if it fails to carry out its contractual obligation. Damages are categorized into two types; liquidated and un-liquidated.
Liquidate Damages are fixed amount of money agreed between the parties that is payable if a contract is breached. For example, knowing that supplier not being able to install a device properly in a power transformer may destroy the device and going ahead to include a fee in the contract if the device was destroyed.
Un-liquidated damages are unfixed amount of money. It is used when the amount of money that will compensate the injured party cannot be known in advance. A court decides the amount when the damages occur. For example, knowing that supplier not being able to install a device properly in a power transformer may destroy the device, other appliances and equipment unknown, cause the buyer delay in the process and reputational damage as in customer dissatisfaction. Yet, unquantifiable as both party are unable to fix a fee in advance on the damages and leaving it to the court to decide the damage if it may occur.
質問 # 54
Which Incoterm applies here?
The supplier is responsible for delivering the goods to the buyer's premises, bearing all risk up until this point.
正解：D
質問 # 55
Describe the seven stages of the Tender Process and explain the reasons why the stages must be followed.
正解：
解説：
The purpose of the tendering process is to invite potential suppliers to bid to supply a product or service to the buying organization. Then buying organization select suitable suppliers, award con-tract and manage. The process is selected mostly when the need is a large or complex project or the law mandates it or it is in the company's policies to do so. The stages of the tendering process includes; Stage 1: decide which style of tender to use. There are four types of tendering used within pro-curement and this include; 1) open 2) Restricted 3) Negotiated 4) Competitive Dialogue Stage 2: Prepare invitation to tender (ITT): this stage is to prepare the document that will be made available to potential supplier. It should contain everything potential bidders will need to know to fully understand the need and to prepare and send a suitable RESPONSE it may likely in-clude; open letter, company details, overview of a project, evaluation criteria, submission date and so on.
Stage 3: send ITT: With fairness, transparency and equality, buyer will provide the documents to all potential suppliers at the same time and also provide exactly the same information/documents to all suppliers. If after receiving the ITT and some suppliers seek clarifications on anything in the documentation, buyers must give same response to identical questions to keep the process transparent and fair. Also, the response to each query to all bidders in the process.
Failure to this may result in bidders who feel disadvantaged or discriminated in any form to submit a legal challenge. Supplier submitting a Legal challenge may cause delay in the process and eventually increase administrative cost for the buyer.
Stage 4: Buying organization receives responses to the Invitation to tender from suppliers (bids). Suppliers must adhere to the bid submission dead line included in the invitation to tender document. Any bid that arrives after the deadline must be left out of the process, or else this may result to other suppliers legally challenging the process.
Stage 5: Evaluate bid. The buying organization can now evaluate the bids based on the criteria in the ITT document. It is always thorough that cross-functional team evaluates the bids to guarantee complete fairness and ensure that the chosen bid is fit for purpose. In evaluating the bids, the cross-functional team will consider the bids in the following areas; supplier organization, ethics, price, sustainability, quality, payment, disposal, service level, location, warranty and risk.
Stage 6: Award contract and give feedback hence the buying organization wards the contract to the winning supplier. This can take place by a formal communication like a letter or an e-mail.
Stage 7: Contract management. Contracts must be evaluated against the criteria in the invitation to tender.
The reasons why these stages must be followed includes;
1. Knowing the right TYPE of tender to use, reduces administration cost, for example, deciding to do restricted tendering to reduce the interest that are going to be sent in have already cut down on administrative cost.
2. The supplier can know what exactly the buyer's intentions are by developing description and the required specification.
3. To ensure that objectives of resorting to use the tendering style and the tendering process is achieved
4. To ensure that the organization generates added value by going through the stages.
5. To ensure that there are none unethical issues like fraud, bribes etc are not part of the system.
6. To ensure that the tendering process becomes transparent to all suppliers. These stages must be followed for transparency and fairness. Just like in stage 3: buyer send out the ITT to potential suppliers at the same time and providing them same information. Failure to this and bidders who feel disadvantaged or discriminated in any form may submit a legal challenge. Supplier submitting a Legal challenge may cause delay in the process and eventually increase administrative cost for the buyer.
質問 # 56
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L4M8問題と解答: https://www.certjuken.com/L4M8-exam.html
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