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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Application Environment, Configuration and Security | 25% | - Create and consume Secrets - Configure resource requirements, limits and quotas - Use ServiceAccounts - Work with ConfigMaps - Apply application security settings - Understand authentication, authorization and admission control - Use custom resources and extensions |
| Application Design and Build | 20% | - Utilize persistent and ephemeral volumes - Choose and use appropriate workload resources - Understand multi-container Pod design patterns - Define, build and modify container images |
| Services and Networking | 20% | - Use Ingress rules - Expose applications via Services - Troubleshoot network access - Understand and apply NetworkPolicies |
| Application Observability and Maintenance | 15% | - Debug applications in Kubernetes - Implement probes and health checks - Understand API deprecations - Monitor applications using CLI tools - Work with container logs |
| Application Deployment | 20% | - Implement deployment strategies - Manage Deployments, rolling updates and rollbacks - Work with Kustomize - Use Helm package manager |
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NEW QUESTION # 19
You are deploying a sensitive application that requires strong security measures. You need to implement a solution to prevent unauthorized access to the container's runtime environment. How would you use Seccomp profiles to enforce security policies at the container level?
Answer:
Explanation:
See the solution below with Step by Step Explanation.
Explanation:
Solution (Step by Step) :
1. Create a Seccomp Profile:
- Create a new YAML file (e.g., 'seccomp-profile.yaml') to define your Seccomp profile.
- Specify the name of the Seccomp profile and the namespace where it will be applied.
- Define the allowed syscalls for the container. You can use the 'seccomp' tool or the
'k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/security/apparmor/seccomp' package to generate the profile.
2. Apply the Seccomp Profile: - Apply the Seccomp profile to your cluster using the following command: bash kubectl apply -f seccomp-profile.yaml 3. Deploy Applications with Seccomp Profile: - Update your Deployment YAML file to include the Seccomp profile:
4. Verify the Seccomp Profile: - Check the status of the pods with 'kubectl describe pod - Look for the "Security Context" section and verify that the Seccomp profile is correctly applied. 5. Test the Restrictions: - Try to access system resources or make syscalls that are not allowed by your Seccomp profile. - Verify that the profile is effectively restricting the container's access to system resources.
NEW QUESTION # 20
You have a Deployment named 'wordpress-deployment' that runs 3 replicas of a WordPress container. You want to ensure that the deployment is always updated with the latest image available in the 'wordpress/wordpress:latest' Docker Hub repository However, you need to implement a rolling update strategy that allows for a maximum ot two pods to be unavailable during the update process.
Answer:
Explanation:
See the solution below with Step by Step Explanation.
Explanation:
Solution (Step by Step) :
1. IJpdate the Deployment YAML:
- Update the 'replicas to 3-
- Define 'maxunavailable: 2 and 'maxSurge: in the 'strategy.rollingupdate' section.
- Configure a 'strategy-type' to 'RollinglJpdate' to trigger a rolling update when the deployment is updated.
- Add a 'spec-template-spec-imagePullPolicy: Always' to ensure that the new image is pulled even if it exists in the pod's local cache.
2. Create the Deployment: - Apply the updated YAML file using 'kubectl apply -f wordpress-deployment.yamr 3. Verify the Deployment: - Check tne status of the deployment using 'kubectl get deployments wordpress-deployment' to confirm the rollout and updated replica count. 4. Trigger the Automatic Update: - Push a new image to the 'wordpress/wordpress:latest Docker Hub repository. 5. Monitor the Deployment: - Use 'kubectl get pods -I app=wordpress' to monitor the pod updates during the rolling update process. You will observe that two pods are terminated at a time, while two new pods with the updated image are created. 6. Check for Successful Update: - Once the deployment is complete, use 'kubectl describe deployment wordpress-deployment' to see that the 'updatedReplicaS field matches the 'replicas' field, indicating a successful update.
NEW QUESTION # 21
You are creating a Deployment for a web application that uses a database for its data persistence. You want to scale the deployment horizontally, but you also want to ensure that each pod has access to the same database instance. Explain how you can use a ConfigMap to provide database connection details to each pod.
Answer:
Explanation:
See the solution below with Step by Step Explanation.
Explanation:
Solution (Step by Step) :
1. Create a ConfigMap:
- Create a ConfigMap that contains the necessary database connection details.
- This includes parameters like host, port, username, password, and database name.
- Example:
2. Mount the ConfigMap: - In your Deployment's 'spec-template-spec-containers' , mount the ConfigMap as a volume. - Example:
3. Access ConfigMap Values: - Within your application's code, use environment variables to access the values from the mounted ConfigMap. - For example, the environment variable 'DB HOST' would be set to the value "database-service" from the ConfigMap. 4. Deploy and Test: - Apply the ConfigMap and Deployment YAML files. - Test the application to confirm that each pod can connect to the same database using the connection details provided by the ConfigMap. 5. Scale the Deployment: - Scale the Deployment horizontally to increase the number of replicas. - Each new pod will automatically inherit the mounted ConfigMap and have access to the same database connection details.
NEW QUESTION # 22
Refer to Exhibit.
Context
You have been tasked with scaling an existing deployment for availability, and creating a service to expose the deployment within your infrastructure.
Task
Start with the deployment named kdsn00101-deployment which has already been deployed to the namespace kdsn00101 . Edit it to:
* Add the func=webFrontEnd key/value label to the pod template metadata to identify the pod for the service definition
* Have 4 replicas
Next, create ana deploy in namespace kdsn00l01 a service that accomplishes the following:
* Exposes the service on TCP port 8080
* is mapped to me pods defined by the specification of kdsn00l01-deployment
* Is of type NodePort
* Has a name of cherry
Answer:
Explanation:
Solution:
NEW QUESTION # 23
You are running a web application that requires high availability and resilience. You have implemented a deployment using a Deployment object in Kubernetes, but you want to ensure that your application can automatically recover from pod failures. Design a strategy using annotations that will enable automatic pod restarts in case of application failures.
Answer:
Explanation:
See the solution below with Step by Step Explanation.
Explanation:
Solution (Step by Step) :
1. Define an Annotation: Add an annotation called ' kubernetes-io/restart-policy' to your Deployment's 'spec-template-metadata' section, setting its value to 'Always'.
2. Trigger Application Failures: You can intentionally trigger failures in your pods to test the restart policy You can use 'kubectl exec' to run commands inside a pod and simulate an application failure using 'Pkill -f s. For example, you can run a command like 'Pkill -f web-app' to terminate the web app process. 3. Monitor Pod Restarts: Observe the pods in your deployment using 'kubectl get pods -l app=web-app' . You will see that Kubernetes automatically restarts pods where the application has failed, ensuring your application remains available. 4. Confirm Automatic Restart Verify the 'restartCount of the affected pods using 'kubectl describe pod This will show the number of times the pod has been restarted due to the application failure. 5. Alternative Restart Policies: While 'Always' is the default policy, you can also use other restart policies like 'onFailure' (restarts only it the pod exits due to an error) or 'Never' (doesn't restart tne pod regardless of the reason for failure). Use the ' kubernetes.wrestart-policy' annotation to set these alternative policies as needed for specific applications. ,
NEW QUESTION # 24
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