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質問 # 137
Paul McCartney has been working as a senior DevSecOps engineer in an IT company over the past 5 years. He would like to integrate Conjur secret management tool into the CI/CD pipeline to secure the secret credentials in various phases of development. To integrate Conjur with Jenkins, Paul downloaded Conjur.hpi file and uploaded it to the Upload Plugin section of Jenkins. Paul declared a policy branch using a code and saved it as a .yml file. Which of the following commands should Paul use to load this policy in Conjur root?
正解:C
解説:
Conjur policies define access controls, authentication rules, and secret variables, and they must be loaded into the correct policy branch. The conjur policy load command uses the -b flag to specify the policy branch and the -f flag to specify the policy file. To load a policy into the root branch, the correct command is conjur policy load -b root -f <file-name>. Options that reverse or misuse these flags are invalid and would either fail or load the policy incorrectly. Loading policies correctly during the Build and Test stage ensures that Jenkins pipelines can securely access secrets at runtime, enforcing centralized secret management, least-privilege access, and compliance with security requirements.
質問 # 138
(Gabriel Jarret has been working as a senior DevSecOps engineer in an IT company located in Houston, Texas. He is using Vault to manage secrets and protect sensitive data. On February 1, 2022, Gabriel wrote the secret using vault kv put secret/wejskt command. On February 10, 2022, his team detected a brute-force attack using Splunk monitoring tool. Gabriel would like to delete the secrets in the vault that he wrote on February 1, 2022. Which of the following commands should Gabriel use to delete a secret in Vault secret management tool?)
正解:A
解説:
HashiCorp Vault provides a key-value (KV) secrets engine for securely storing sensitive data. To remove a secret from the KV store, the correct command is vault kv del <path>. This command deletes the secret data at the specified path. Options using -delete or -del are syntactically incorrect, and vault kv delete is not a valid Vault CLI command. Proper secret deletion is an essential part of secret lifecycle management, especially when credentials may have been compromised. Performing this action during the Operate and Monitor stage helps contain security incidents, reduce exposure, and ensure that compromised secrets are no longer accessible. Timely deletion of secrets supports effective incident response and strengthens overall security posture.
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質問 # 139
Alex, a DevSecOps engineer, is conducting a security review of a newly developed web application. To ensure compliance with industry standards, he wants to prioritize fixing vulnerabilities that attackers most commonly exploit. He also needs guidance on how to secure the application against threats like SQL injection, broken authentication, and sensitive data exposure. Which security standard should Alex refer to?
正解:A
解説:
The OWASP Top 10 is the standard awareness document listing the most critical and most commonly exploited web application security risks, including SQL injection, broken authentication, and sensitive data exposure. It gives Alex both the prioritization of what attackers exploit most and guidance on how to secure the application against those threats. CVE is only a dictionary of vulnerability identifiers, CERT is a coordination/research center, and IEC 62443 targets industrial automation and control systems, not web applications.
質問 # 140
Cindy Williams recently joined TechSecure Inc. as a DevSecOps engineer. She was assigned the task of improving the security of the company's Ruby-based applications within the CI/CD pipeline. To achieve this, she configured Bundler-Audit in Travis CI to scan for vulnerabilities in gem dependencies. After running the audit, Cindy discovered that some gems in the Gemfile.lock were outdated and contained security vulnerabilities. She quickly applied the necessary updates and ensured that the application used secure versions of the dependencies. Which method does Bundler-Audit use to identify security vulnerabilities in gem dependencies?
正解:C
解説:
Bundler-Audit works by cross-referencing the gem versions listed in Gemfile.lock against a database of known security advisories (the Ruby Advisory Database / ruby-advisory-db), flagging gems with known vulnerabilities. It does not perform static analysis of gem source code, runtime monitoring, or simple version-mismatch checks against RubyGems.
質問 # 141
(Brady Coleman is a senior DevSecOps engineer at CloudVac Security Private Ltd. He has created a new container named "eccbrad" from the centos:7 image using the command docker run -i -t --name geeklab centos:7 /bin/bash. Now, Brady wants to install the httpd package inside the eccbrad container. Which of the following commands should Brady use to install the httpd package inside the container?)
正解:A
解説:
The CentOS operating system uses theyumpackage manager to install software packages. Inside a CentOS- based Docker container, the correct way to install the Apache HTTP Server is by running yum install httpd.
Containers typically run as the root user by default, making the use of sudo unnecessary. Commands such as install-httpd are invalid because yum requires the install keyword followed by the package name separated by a space. Installing required packages inside containers should be done carefully to avoid bloating images and increasing the attack surface. During the Operate and Monitor stage, DevSecOps teams must balance functionality with container hardening best practices by installing only necessary components.
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質問 # 142
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