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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Data Security and Governance | 18% | - Enforce compliance and data governance
- Implement access control and authentication
|
| Data Ingestion and Transformation | 34% | - Implement data quality and validation - Ingest data from various sources
|
| Data Operations and Support | 22% | - Automate operational tasks - Ensure reliability and scalability - Backup, restore, and disaster recovery - Monitor and troubleshoot data pipelines
|
| Data Store Management | 26% | - Design and implement data storage solutions
- Manage data lifecycle and storage tiers |
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23. Frage
A university is developing an educational application that analyzes student essays. The application provides personalized feedback with accurate citations to the university ' s textbooks. The application needs to process essays in multiple languages. Application responses must include direct references to specific sections in the course materials and must be in the student ' s selected language.
Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?
Antwort: B
Begründung:
Option B is correct because Amazon Bedrock Knowledge Bases is the managed AWS service for retrieval- augmented generation using an organization's own content. AWS states that the RetrieveAndGenerate flow queries a knowledge base, generates responses based on retrieved results, and that the response includes citations only for relevant sources. AWS user guide pages also state that Knowledge Bases can return natural- language responses based on retrieved chunks from source documents. This directly fits the requirement for feedback with direct references to textbook sections.
This is also the least operational overhead choice because Amazon Bedrock manages ingestion, chunking, embedding, retrieval, and generation workflow components. Option A would require building and operating a custom vector solution. Option C adds multiple services and custom glue logic. Option D requires custom model hosting and fine-tuning, which is far more operationally heavy. For multilingual processing, Amazon Bedrock supports multilingual-capable models and multilingual embedding options, making it suitable for responses in the student's selected language when paired with an appropriate model.
24. Frage
A company has a gaming application that stores data in Amazon DynamoDB tables. A data engineer needs to ingest the game data into an Amazon OpenSearch Service cluster. Data updates must occur in near real time.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
Antwort: C
Begründung:
* Problem Analysis:
* The company usesDynamoDBfor gaming data storage and needs to ingest data intoAmazon OpenSearch Serviceinnear real time.
* Data updates must propagate quickly to OpenSearch for analytics or search purposes.
* Key Considerations:
* DynamoDB Streamsprovide near-real-time capture of table changes (inserts, updates, and deletes).
* Integration withAWS Lambdaallows seamless processing of these changes.
* OpenSearch offers APIs for indexing and updating documents, which Lambda can invoke.
* Solution Analysis:
* Option A: Step Functions with Periodic Export
* Not suitable for near-real-time updates; introduces significant latency.
* Operationally complex to manage periodic exports and S3 data ingestion.
* Option B: AWS Glue Job
* AWS Glue is designed for ETL workloads but lacks real-time processing capabilities.
* Option C: DynamoDB Streams + Lambda
* DynamoDB Streams capture changes in near real time.
* Lambda can process these streams and use the OpenSearch API to update the index.
* This approach provides low latency and seamless integration with minimal operational overhead.
* Option D: Custom OpenSearch Plugin
* Writing a custom plugin adds complexity and is unnecessary with existing AWS integrations.
* Implementation Steps:
* EnableDynamoDB Streamsfor the relevant DynamoDB tables.
* Create aLambda functionto process stream records:
* Parse insert, update, and delete events.
* Use OpenSearch APIs to index or update documents based on the event type.
* Set up a trigger to invoke the Lambda function whenever there are changes in the DynamoDB Stream.
* Monitor and log errors for debugging and operational health.
:
Amazon DynamoDB Streams Documentation
AWS Lambda and DynamoDB Integration
Amazon OpenSearch Service APIs
25. Frage
A company is migrating its database servers from Amazon EC2 instances that run Microsoft SQL Server to Amazon RDS for Microsoft SQL Server DB instances. The company's analytics team must export large data elements every day until the migration is complete. The data elements are the result of SQL joinsacross multiple tables. The data must be in Apache Parquet format. The analytics team must store the data in Amazon S3.
Which solution will meet these requirements in the MOST operationally efficient way?
Antwort: B
Begründung:
Option A is the most operationally efficient way to meet the requirements because it minimizes the number of steps and services involved in the data export process. AWS Glue is a fully managed service that can extract, transform, and load (ETL) data from various sources to various destinations, including Amazon S3. AWS Glue can also convert data to different formats, such as Parquet, which is a columnar storage format that is optimized for analytics. By creating a view in the SQL Server databases that contains the required data elements, the AWS Glue job can select the data directly from the view without having to perform any joins or transformations on the source data. The AWS Glue job can then transfer the data in Parquet format to an S3 bucket and run on a daily schedule.
Option B is not operationally efficient because it involves multiple steps and services to export the data. SQL Server Agent is a tool that can run scheduled tasks on SQL Server databases, such as executing SQL queries.
However, SQL Server Agent cannot directly export data to S3, so the query output must be saved as .csv objects on the EC2 instance. Then, an S3 event must be configured to trigger an AWS Lambda function that can transform the .csv objects to Parquet format and upload them to S3. This option adds complexity and latency to the data export process and requires additional resources and configuration.
Option C is not operationally efficient because it introduces an unnecessary step of running an AWS Glue crawler to read the view. An AWS Glue crawler is a service that can scan data sources and create metadata tables in the AWS Glue Data Catalog. The Data Catalog is a central repository that stores information about the data sources, such as schema, format, and location. However, in this scenario, the schema and format of the data elements are already known and fixed, so there is no need to run a crawler to discover them. The AWS Glue job can directly select the data from the view without using the Data Catalog. Running a crawler adds extra time and cost to the data export process.
Option D is not operationally efficient because it requires custom code and configuration to query the databases and transform the data. An AWS Lambda function is a service that can run code in response to events or triggers, such as Amazon EventBridge. Amazon EventBridge is a service that can connect applications and services with event sources, such as schedules, and route them to targets, such as Lambda functions. However, in this scenario, using a Lambda function to query the databases and transform the data is not the best option because it requires writing and maintaining code that uses JDBC to connect to the SQL Server databases, retrieve the required data, convert the data to Parquet format, and transfer the data to S3.
This option also has limitations on the execution time, memory, and concurrency of the Lambda function, which may affect the performance and reliability of the data export process.
References:
AWS Certified Data Engineer - Associate DEA-C01 Complete Study Guide
AWS Glue Documentation
Working with Views in AWS Glue
Converting to Columnar Formats
26. Frage
A company is building an inventory management system and an inventory reordering system to automatically reorder products. Both systems use Amazon Kinesis Data Streams. The inventory management system uses the Amazon Kinesis Producer Library (KPL) to publish data to a stream. The inventory reordering system uses the Amazon Kinesis Client Library (KCL) to consume data from the stream. The company configures the stream to scale up and down as needed.
Before the company deploys the systems to production, the company discovers that the inventory reordering system received duplicated data.
Which factors could have caused the reordering system to receive duplicated data? (Select TWO.)
Antwort: A,C
Begründung:
Problem Analysis:
The company uses Kinesis Data Streams for both inventory management and reordering.
The Kinesis Producer Library (KPL) publishes data, and the Kinesis Client Library (KCL) consumes data.
Duplicate records were observed in the inventory reordering system.
Key Considerations:
Kinesis streams are designed for durability but may produce duplicates under certain conditions.
Factors such as network timeouts, shard splits, or changes in record processors can cause duplication.
Solution Analysis:
Option A: Network-Related Timeouts
If the producer (KPL) experiences network timeouts, it retries data submission, potentially causing duplicates.
Option B: High IteratorAgeMilliseconds
High iterator age suggests delays in processing but does not directly cause duplication.
Option C: Changes in Shards or Processors
Changes in the number of shards or record processors can lead to re-processing of records, causing duplication.
Option D: AggregationEnabled Set to True
AggregationEnabled controls the aggregation of multiple records into one, but it does not cause duplication.
Option E: High max_records Value
A high max_records value increases batch size but does not lead to duplication.
Final Recommendation:
Network-related timeouts and changes in shards or processors are the most likely causes of duplicate data in this scenario.
Amazon Kinesis Data Streams Best Practices
Kinesis Producer Library (KPL) Overview
Kinesis Client Library (KCL) Overview
27. Frage
A company needs to set up a data catalog and metadata management for data sources that run in the AWS Cloud. The company will use the data catalog to maintain the metadata of all the objects that are in a set of data stores. The data stores include structured sources such as Amazon RDS and Amazon Redshift. The data stores also include semistructured sources such as JSON files and .xml files that are stored in Amazon S3.
The company needs a solution that will update the data catalog on a regular basis. The solution also must detect changes to the source metadata.
Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?
Antwort: D
Begründung:
This solution will meet the requirements with the least operational overhead because it uses the AWS Glue Data Catalog as the central metadata repository for data sources that run in the AWS Cloud. The AWS Glue Data Catalog is a fully managed service that provides a unified view of your data assets across AWS and on-premises data sources. It stores the metadata of your data in tables, partitions, and columns, and enables you to access and query your data using various AWS services, such as Amazon Athena, Amazon EMR, and Amazon Redshift Spectrum. You can use AWS Glue crawlers to connect to multiple data stores, such as Amazon RDS, Amazon Redshift, and Amazon S3, and to update the Data Catalog with metadata changes.
AWS Glue crawlers can automatically discover the schema and partition structure of your data, and create or update the corresponding tables in the Data Catalog. You can schedule the crawlers to run periodically to update the metadata catalog, and configure them to detect changes to the source metadata, such as new columns, tables, or partitions12.
The other options are not optimal for the following reasons:
A: Use Amazon Aurora as the data catalog. Create AWS Lambda functions that will connect to the data catalog. Configure the Lambda functions to gather the metadata information from multiple sources and to update the Aurora data catalog. Schedule the Lambda functions to run periodically. This option is not recommended, as it would require more operational overhead to create and manage an Amazon Aurora database as the data catalog, and to write and maintain AWS Lambda functions to gather and update the metadata information from multiple sources. Moreover, this option would not leverage the benefits of the AWS Glue Data Catalog, such as data cataloging, data transformation, and data governance.
C: Use Amazon DynamoDB as the data catalog. Create AWS Lambda functions that will connect to the data catalog. Configure the Lambda functions to gather the metadata information from multiple sources and to update the DynamoDB data catalog. Schedule the Lambda functions to run periodically. This option is also not recommended, as it would require more operational overhead to create and manage an Amazon DynamoDB table as the data catalog, and to write and maintain AWS Lambda functions to gather and update the metadata information from multiple sources. Moreover, this option would not leverage the benefits of the AWS Glue Data Catalog, such as data cataloging, data transformation, and data governance.
D: Use the AWS Glue Data Catalog as the central metadata repository. Extract the schema for Amazon RDS and Amazon Redshift sources, and build the Data Catalog. Use AWS Glue crawlers for data that is in Amazon S3 to infer the schema and to automatically update the Data Catalog. This option is not optimal, as it would require more manual effort to extract the schema for Amazon RDS and Amazon Redshift sources, and to build the Data Catalog. This option would not take advantage of the AWS Glue crawlers' ability to automatically discover the schema and partition structure of your data from various data sources, and to create or update the corresponding tables in the Data Catalog.
References:
1: AWS Glue Data Catalog
2: AWS Glue Crawlers
3: Amazon Aurora
4: AWS Lambda
5: Amazon DynamoDB
28. Frage
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