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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Information Security Management System (ISMS) based on ISO/IEC 27001 | - ISO/IEC 27001 requirements (Clauses 4–10)
|
| Conducting an Audit | - Audit execution
|
| Closing the Audit | - Audit reporting and follow-up
|
| Fundamentals of Information Security Auditing | - Audit principles based on ISO 19011
|
| Planning and Initiating an Audit | - Audit program and planning activities
|
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NEW QUESTION # 27
You are an experienced ISMS audit team leader conducting a third-party surveillance audit of an internet services provider. You are reviewing the organization's risk assessment processes for conformity with ISO/IEC 27001:2022.
Which three of the following audit findings would prompt you to raise a nonconformity report?
Answer: A,D,H
Explanation:
The three audit findings that would prompt you to raise a nonconformity report are:
*The organisation is treating information security risks in the order in which they are identified
*The organisation's risk assessment criteria have not been reviewed and approved by top management
*The organisation's information security risk assessment process is based solely on an assessment of the impact of each risk According to ISO/IEC 27001:2022, clause 6.1.2, the organisation must establish and maintain an information security risk management process that is consistent with the organisation's context and aligned with its overall risk management approach1. This process must include the following steps:
*Establishing the risk assessment criteria, which must be approved by top management and reflect the organisation's risk appetite and objectives2
*Identifying the information security risks, which must consider the assets, threats, vulnerabilities, impacts, and likelihoods3
*Analysing the information security risks, which must determine the levels of risk and compare them with the risk criteria4
*Evaluating the information security risks, which must prioritise the risks and decide whether they need treatment or not5 Therefore, the audit findings B, E, and F indicate that the organisation is not following the required steps of the information security risk management process, and thus are nonconformities with the standard.
The other audit findings are not necessarily nonconformities, as they may be acceptable depending on the organisation's context and justification. For example:
*Audit finding A may be acceptable if the organisation has identified and treated the additional information security risks that are relevant to its scope and objectives, and has documented the rationale for doing so6
*Audit finding C may be acceptable if the organisation has assigned clear roles and responsibilities for the information security risk management process, and has ensured that the risk owners have the authority and competence to manage the risks7
*Audit finding D may be acceptable if the organisation has defined and communicated the meaning and implications of the emoji-based risk classification, and has ensured that it is consistent with the risk criteria and the risk treatment process8
*Audit finding G may be acceptable if the organisation has justified the use of discrete values for the probability of the information security risks, and has ensured that they are realistic and consistent with the risk criteria and the risk analysis method9
*Audit finding H may be acceptable if the organisation has established and maintained different systems for assessing operational and strategic information security risks, and has ensured that they are integrated and aligned with the overall risk management approach and the ISMS objectives10 References: 1: ISO/IEC 27001:2022, 6.1.2; 2: ISO/IEC 27001:2022, 6.1.2 a); 3: ISO/IEC 27001:2022, 6.1.2 b); 4: ISO/IEC 27001:2022, 6.1.2 c); 5: ISO/IEC 27001:2022, 6.1.2 d); 6: ISO/IEC 27001:2022, A.0.2; 7:
ISO/IEC 27001:2022, 5.3; 8: ISO/IEC 27001:2022, 6.1.2 a) 2); 9: ISO/IEC 27001:2022, 6.1.2 c) 2); 10:
ISO/IEC 27001:2022, 6.1.2 a) 1); : ISO/IEC 27001:2022; : ISO/IEC 27001:2022; : ISO/IEC 27001:2022; :
ISO/IEC 27001:2022; : ISO/IEC 27001:2022; : ISO/IEC 27001:2022; : ISO/IEC 27001:2022; : ISO/IEC
27001:2022; : ISO/IEC 27001:2022; : ISO/IEC 27001:2022
NEW QUESTION # 28
Scenario 7
Lawsy is a leading law firm with offices in Bangkok, Thailand. It has over 50 attorneys offering sophisticated legal services to clients in business and commercial law, intellectual property, banking, and financial services.
They believe they have a comfortable position in the market thanks to their commitment to implementing information security best practices and remaining up to date with technological developments.
Lawsy has rigorously implemented, evaluated, and conducted internal audits for the information security management system (ISMS) for two years. Now, they have applied for ISO/IEC 27001 certification at ISMA, a well-known and trusted certification body.
During the stage 1 audit, the audit team reviewed all the ISMS documents created during the implementation phase. They also reviewed and evaluated the records from management reviews and internal audits. Lawsy submitted records of evidence that corrective actions on nonconformities were performed when necessary, so the audit team interviewed the internal auditor. The interview validated the adequacy and frequency of the internal audits by providing insight into the internal audit plan and procedures.
The audit team continued verifying strategic documents, including the information security policy and risk evaluation criteria. During the information security policy review, the team noticed inconsistencies between the documented information describing the governance framework and the procedures. Following the completion of stage 1, the audit team leader prepared the audit plan, which addressed the audit objectives, scope, criteria, and procedures.
During the stage 2 audit, the audit team interviewed the information security manager, who drafted the information security policy. He justified the issue identified in stage 1 by stating that Lawsy conducts mandatory information security training and awareness sessions every three months.
Later, the audit team found that Lawsy did not have procedures for using laptops outside the workplace, even though employees were allowed to take laptops outside the workplace. The company only provided general information about the use of laptops and relied on employees' common knowledge to protect the confidentiality and integrity of information stored on the laptops.
Following the interview, the audit team examined 15 employee training records (out of 50) and concluded that Lawsy meets the requirements of ISO/IEC 27001 related to training and awareness. To support this conclusion, the auditor photocopied and archived the examined employee training records after completing the audit.
Question
Lawsy lacks a procedure for using laptops outside the workplace and relies on employees' common knowledge to protect the confidentiality of information stored on the laptops. What does this present?
Answer: B
Explanation:
This situation represents a nonconformity, making option B the correct answer. ISO/IEC 27001:2022 requires organizations to implement controls to manage information security risks and to support them with appropriate documented information where necessary. Allowing employees to use laptops outside the workplace without defined procedures represents a failure to implement adequate controls for protecting information assets.
From a control perspective, ISO/IEC 27002:2022 includes technological and organizational controls related to endpoint device security, protection of information assets, and secure use of equipment. Relying on employees' "common knowledge" instead of defined procedures does not meet the requirement for systematic, repeatable, and auditable control implementation. Controls must be formally defined, communicated, and consistently applied.
Option A is incorrect because an anomaly is typically a one-off deviation or unusual occurrence that does not indicate a systemic failure. In this case, the absence of procedures is systemic and affects all employees who use laptops externally. Option C is incorrect because conformity would require documented, implemented, and effective controls aligned with identified risks, which is not the case here.
Even though Lawsy meets training and awareness requirements, training cannot substitute for missing operational controls and procedures. Auditors must assess both awareness and the existence of formal controls. Therefore, the lack of procedures for laptop use outside the workplace constitutes a nonconformity with ISO/IEC 27001 requirements.
NEW QUESTION # 29
Question:
What is the purpose of audit test plans in the audit process?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:
* B. Correct Answer:
* Audit test plans define the structured approach for conducting interviews, observations, and control testing.
* ISO 19011:2018 describes audit test planning as essential for consistent evidence collection.
* A. Incorrect:
* Test plans do not generate reports-they outline procedures for evidence collection.
* C. Incorrect:
* Audit test plans focus on specific risks rather than evaluating all elements.
Relevant Standard Reference:
* ISO 19011:2018 Clause 6.4.5 (Audit Test Planning Procedures)
NEW QUESTION # 30
Which of the following does a lack of adequate security controls represent?
Answer: A
Explanation:
A lack of adequate security controls represents a vulnerability, which is a weakness or flaw in an asset or its protection that can be exploited by a threat. A vulnerability can increase the likelihood or impact of a security incident, and therefore should be identified and treated as part of the risk management process. ISO/IEC 27001:2022 defines vulnerability as "the absence or weakness of a safeguard that could be exploited by a threat source" (see clause 3.49). Reference: [CQI & IRCA Certified ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Lead Auditor Training Course], ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Information technology - Security techniques - Information security management systems - Requirements
NEW QUESTION # 31
You are an experienced audit team leader guiding an auditor in training.
Your team is currently conducting a third-party surveillance audit of an organisation that stores data on behalf of external clients. The auditor in training has been tasked with reviewing the PEOPLE controls listed in the Statement of Applicability (SoA) and mplemented at the site.
Select four controls from the following that would you expect the auditor in training to review.
Answer: A,C,E,G
Explanation:
Explanation
The PEOPLE controls are related to the human aspects of information security, such as roles and responsibilities, awareness and training, screening and contracts, and remote working. The auditor in training should review the following controls:
* Confidentiality and nondisclosure agreements (A): These are contractual obligations that bind the employees and contractors of the organisation to protect the confidentiality of the information they handle, especially the data of external clients. The auditor should check if these agreements are signed, updated, and enforced by the organisation. This control is related to clause A.7.2.1 of ISO/IEC
27001:2022.
* Information security awareness, education and training : These are activities that aim to enhance the knowledge, skills, and behaviour of the employees and contractors regarding information security. The auditor should check if these activities are planned, implemented, evaluated, and improved by the organisation. This control is related to clause A.7.2.2 of ISO/IEC 27001:2022.
* Remote working arrangements (D): These are policies and procedures that govern the information security aspects of working from locations other than the organisation's premises, such as home or public places. The auditor should check if these arrangements are defined, approved, and monitored by the organisation. This control is related to clause A.6.2.1 of ISO/IEC 27001:2022.
* The conducting of verification checks on personnel (E): These are background checks that verify the identity, qualifications, and suitability of the employees and contractors who have access to sensitive
* information or systems. The auditor should check if these checks are conducted, documented, and reviewed by the organisation. This control is related to clause A.7.1.1 of ISO/IEC 27001:2022.
References:
* ISO/IEC 27001:2022, Information technology - Security techniques - Information security management systems - Requirements
* PECB Candidate Handbook ISO/IEC 27001 Lead Auditor, 1
* ISO 27001:2022 Lead Auditor - IECB, 2
* ISO 27001:2022 certified ISMS lead auditor - Jisc, 3
* ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Lead Auditor Transition Training Course, 4
* ISO 27001 - Information Security Lead Auditor Course - PwC Training Academy, 5
NEW QUESTION # 32
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