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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Testing Throughout the Software Development Lifecycle | 15% | - Test types - Maintenance testing - Test levels - Testing in SDLC contexts |
| Topic 2: Fundamentals of Testing | 20% | - Test activities, testware and roles - Essential skills and good practices - Testing principles - What is testing - Why testing is necessary |
| Topic 3: Static Testing | 10% | - Review process and types - Static testing basics |
| Topic 4: Managing Test Activities | 22.5% | - Risk-based testing - Test planning - Configuration management - Defect management - Monitoring, control and completion |
| Topic 5: Test Tools and Automation | 2.5% | - Benefits and risks of automation - Tool support for testing |
| Topic 6: Test Analysis and Design | 30% | - Collaboration-based approaches - Black-box test techniques - Test techniques overview - Experience-based test techniques - White-box test techniques |
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NEW QUESTION # 193
A program is used to control a manufacturing line (turn machines on and off. start and stop conveyer belts, add raw materials to the flow. etc.). Not all actions are possible at all times. For example, there are certain manufacturing stages that cannot be stopped - unless there is an emergency. A tester attempts to evaluate if all such cases (where a specific action is not allowed) are covered by the tests.
Which coverage metric will provide the needed information for this analysis?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Branch coverage is a type of structural coverage metric that measures the percentage of branches or decision outcomes that are executed by the test cases. A branch is a point in the code where the control flow can take two or more alternative paths based on a condition. For example, an if-else statement is a branch that can execute either the if-block or the else-block depending on the evaluation of the condition. Branch coverage ensures that each branch is taken at least once by the test cases, and thus reveals the behavior of the software under different scenarios. Branch coverage is also known as decision coverage or all-edges coverage.
Branch coverage is suitable for testing the cases where a specific action is not allowed, because it can verify that the test cases cover all the possible outcomes of the conditions that determine the action. For example, if the program has a condition that checks if the manufacturing stage can be stopped, then branch coverage can ensure that the test cases cover both the cases where the stage can be stopped and where it cannot be stopped. This way, branch coverage can help identify any missing or incorrect branches that may lead to undesired or unsafe actions.
The other options are not correct because they are not suitable for testing the cases where a specific action is not allowed. Code coverage is a general term that encompasses various types of coverage metrics, such as statement coverage, branch coverage, data flow coverage, etc. Code coverage does not specify which type of coverage metric is used for the analysis. Data flow coverage is a type of structural coverage metric that measures the percentage of data flow paths that are executed by the test cases. A data flow path is a sequence of statements that define, use, or kill a variable. Data flow coverage is useful for testing the correctness and completeness of the data manipulation in the software, but not for testing the conditions that determine the actions. Statement coverage is a type of structural coverage metric that measures the percentage of statements or lines of code that are executed by the test cases. Statement coverage ensures that each statement is executed at least once by the test cases, but it does not reveal the behavior of the software under different scenarios. Statement coverage is a weaker criterion than branch coverage, because it does not account for the branches or decision outcomes in the code. Reference = ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level (CTFL) v4.0 syllabus, Chapter 4: Test Techniques, Section 4.3: Structural Testing Techniques, Pages 51-54.
NEW QUESTION # 194
Which of the following statements about the value of maintaining traceability between the test basis and test work products is not true?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Traceability is the ability to trace the relationships between the items of the test basis, such as the requirements, the design, the risks, etc., and the test artifacts, such as the test cases, the test results, the defects, etc. Traceability can provide various benefits for the testing process, such as improving the test coverage, the test quality, the test efficiency, and the test communication. However, not all the statements given are true about the value of maintaining traceability between the test basis and test work products. The statement that is not true is option C, which says that test objectives should be the same for all test levels, although the number of tests designed at various levels can vary significantly. This statement is false, because test objectives are the goals or the purposes of testing, which can vary depending on the test level, the test type, the test technique, the test environment, the test stakeholder, etc. Test objectives can be defined in terms of the test basis, the test coverage, the test quality, the test risk, the test cost, the test time, etc. Test objectives should be specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound, and they should be aligned with the project objectives and the quality characteristics. Test objectives should not be the same for all test levels, as different test levels have different focuses, scopes, and perspectives of testing, such as component testing, integration testing, system testing, and acceptance testing. The other statements are true about the value of maintaining traceability between the test basis and test work products, such as:
* Traceability can be useful for assessing the impact of a change to a test basis item on the corresponding tests: This statement is true, because traceability can help to identify which tests are affected by a change in the test basis, such as a new requirement, a modified design, a revised risk, etc., and to determine the necessary actions to update, re-execute, or re-evaluate the tests. Traceability can also help to estimate the effort, the cost, and the time needed to implement the change and to verify its impact on the software system.
* Traceability can be useful for determining how many test basis items are covered by the corresponding tests: This statement is true, because traceability can help to measure the test coverage, which is the degree to which the test basis is exercised by the test cases. Traceability can help to identify which test basis items are covered, partially covered, or not covered by the tests, and to evaluate the adequacy, the completeness, and the effectiveness of the testing process. Traceability can also help to identify the gaps, the overlaps, or the redundancies in the test coverage, and to prioritize, optimize, or improve the test cases.
* Traceability can be useful to support the needs required by the auditing of testing: This statement is true, because traceability can help to provide evidence, documentation, and justification for the testing activities, results, and outcomes. Traceability can help to demonstrate that the testing process follows the standards, the regulations, the policies, and the best practices that are applicable to the software system, the project, or the organization. Traceability can also help to verify that the testing process meets the expectations, the needs, and the satisfaction of the users and the stakeholders. References: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level (CTFL) v4.0 sources and documents:
* ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, Chapter 1.2.2, Testing Policies, Strategies, and Test Approaches1
* ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, Chapter 2.1.1, Test Planning1
* ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, Chapter 2.1.2, Test Monitoring and Control1
* ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, Chapter 2.1.3, Test Analysis and Design1
* ISTQB Glossary of Testing Terms v4.0, Traceability, Test Basis, Test Artifact, Test Objective, Test Level, Test Coverage, Test Quality, Test Risk, Test Cost, Test Time2
NEW QUESTION # 195
What is the purpose of the test progress report and the test completion report?
Answer: A
Explanation:
A test progress report communicates the current status of testing and supports ongoing test monitoring and control by providing information about progress, risks, and deviations from the plan. A test completion report is produced at the end of a test activity or test level and summarizes the testing performed, its results, and relevant conclusions.
NEW QUESTION # 196
Scenario 1 "Happy Tomatoes" (used for questions 20-22):
An intelligent application for agricultural use incorporates temperature sensors located at different points of an enclosure. The sensors measure and record the temperature at regular intervals and extract the statistical values for these measurements. These values include the average daily temperature.
A new variety of tomatoes is currently being grown and the"World Organization for Happy Tomatoes"has established temperature ranges related to vegetative development.
When the system establishes that the average temperature is within a specific range, it emits a value that will be used to monitor and control the crop.
Using theequivalence partitioningtechnique, identify the set of input values that provides the HIGHEST coverage.
Answer: D
Explanation:
Equivalence partitioning (EP)divides input values into classes where test casesrepresent all possible values of each partition. The partitions in this scenario are:
* #7 (too cold # W)
* 8-21 (standstill # X)
* 22-29 (ideal # Y)
* #30 (too hot # Z)
OptionC ({7,10,25,29})covers all partitionsby selecting representative values:
* 7 # Too cold (W)
* 10 # Standstill (X)
* 25 # Ideal (Y)
* 29 # Upper boundary of ideal (Y)
Other options do not cover all partitions adequately.
Reference:ISTQB CTFL v4.0 Syllabus, Section 4.2.1 - Equivalence Partitioning
NEW QUESTION # 197
A tester created a decision table(DT) given below. While reviewing the DT some of the actions for the given conditions were found to be incorrect. The user is trying to view the profile, which of the given conditions has CORRECT action(s) listed?
ConditionC1C2C3C4
Is the user logged in?YesYesNoNo
Is the user authorized to view the profile?YesNoYesNo
Action
Display the user's profileYesNoYesYes
Display an error messageYesYesNoNo
Answer: C
Explanation:
The decision table provides conditions and corresponding actions. For C2:
* The user is logged in (Yes).
* The user is not authorized to view the profile (No).
* The correct action should be not to display the profile (No) and to display an error message (Yes).
This matches the actions listed for C2, making it the correct condition with the proper actions.
NEW QUESTION # 198
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