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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Protocol Independent Routing | 10-15% | - Routing instances and route selection criteria - Routing tables, static routes and route preference - Basic routing policy and filter operation |
| Layer 2 Switching and VLANs | 15-20% | - Spanning Tree Protocol (STP, RSTP, MSTP) operation and configuration - Link Aggregation Groups (LAG) and Virtual Chassis - VLAN concepts, configuration, trunking and tagging |
| IS-IS | 10-15% | - Configuration and route exchange - Adjacency establishment, levels and metrics - Scalable enterprise deployment and troubleshooting |
| Layer 2 Security | 10-15% | - DHCP snooping, Dynamic ARP Inspection and IP Source Guard - Port security, MAC limiting and storm control - Layer 2 firewall filters and security features |
| High Availability and Resiliency | 5-10% | - Network resiliency design and troubleshooting - Graceful restart and non-stop routing - Redundancy protocols and failover mechanisms |
| BGP | 15-20% | - Neighbor relationships and session establishment - Routing policies, filtering and common troubleshooting - Route advertisement, attributes and path selection |
| OSPF | 15-20% | - Route summarization and redistribution - Neighbor formation, area design and LSA types - Configuration, verification and troubleshooting |
| IP Multicast | 5-10% | - IGMP operation and configuration - PIM Dense Mode, Sparse Mode and RP mechanisms - Multicast routing monitoring and troubleshooting |
| Tunnels and Overlays | 5-10% | - GRE, IP-IP and dynamic tunnel configuration - Overlay network design and connectivity - Tunnel types, encapsulation and operation |
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NEW QUESTION # 88
Depending on the link type, OSPF sends link-state update packets to which two addresses? (Choose two.)
Answer: A,B
Explanation:
OSPF relies on two IANA-reserved multicast addresses to distribute its control-plane traffic across broadcast and NBMA network types, and Link State Update (LSU) packets, which carry the actual LSAs being flooded, are addressed to one or the other depending on the role of the sending router. The address 224.0.0.5, designated AllSPFRouters, is used when any OSPF router - including a router that is itself the Designated Router or Backup Designated Router - needs to flood an LSU to every OSPF-speaking router on the segment; this is the address used for Hello packets universally and for LSU flooding directed at the entire segment. The address 224.0.0.6, designated AllDRouters, is used specifically by non-DR, non-BDR routers (DROthers) when they need to send an LSU or other update destined for the DR and BDR only, since only the DR and BDR actually listen on this address; the DR then takes responsibility for reflooding that information to the rest of the segment using 224.0.0.5. This two-address design is central to how OSPF achieves flooding efficiency on multi-access networks by funneling updates through the DR rather than requiring full-mesh flooding among every router pair. The addresses 224.0.0.8 and 224.0.0.9 are not used by OSPF at all;
224.0.0.9 is in fact reserved for RIPv2 multicast updates, making it a plausible-looking but incorrect distractor. Reference topics: Junos Enterprise Routing - OSPF, Multicast Addressing for Hello and Link State Update Packets.
NEW QUESTION # 89
You have configured an aggregate route for prefix 10.20.0.0/22 with three contributing routes:
10.20.0.0/24, 10.20.1.0/24, and 10.20.2.0/24. A packet arrives destined to 10.20.3.100. In this scenario, which action does the router take?
Answer: B
Explanation:
The 10.20.0.0/22 aggregate covers the four /24 blocks 10.20.0.0/24 through 10.20.3.0/24, but only the first three of those (10.20.0.0/24, 10.20.1.0/24, and 10.20.2.0/24) are configured and present as active contributing routes; 10.20.3.0/24, the block containing the destination address
10.20.3.100, has no corresponding contributing route in this configuration. Because no more- specific route exists for 10.20.3.100, the longest-match lookup falls through the missing /24 and matches only the broader /22 aggregate itself. By default, when Junos installs an aggregate route, it assigns that route a reject next hop rather than any usable forwarding next hop; this is a deliberate design choice so that traffic destined for gaps within an advertised summary block -- gaps where no real, more- specific path actually exists -- is not blindly forwarded toward whatever next hop happens to belong to one of the unrelated contributing routes. A reject next hop causes the router to drop the packet and generate and return an ICMP destination-unreachable message to the originating source, explicitly informing it that no path exists, which is functionally and behaviorally distinct from a silent discard next hop that would drop the packet without any such notification. Aggregate routes never adopt or forward through any single contributing route's next hop, which rules out the two forwarding-based answer choices entirely.
NEW QUESTION # 90
You are asked to connect an IP phone and a user computer using the same interface on an EX Series switch. The traffic from the computer does not use a VLAN tag, whereas the traffic from the IP phone uses a VLAN tag.
Which feature enables the interface to receive both types of traffic?
Answer: A
Explanation:
The feature that enables an interface on an EX Series switch to receive both untagged traffic (from the computer) and tagged traffic (from the IP phone) is the voice VLAN. The voice VLAN feature in EX-series switches enables access ports to accept both data (untagged) and voice (tagged) traffic and separate that traffic into different VLANs. This allows the switch to differentiate between voice and data traffic, ensuring that voice traffic can be treated with a higher priority.
NEW QUESTION # 91
How does BGP prevent routing loops between internal peers?
Answer: B
Explanation:
BGP employs two distinct loop-prevention mechanisms depending on whether peers are external or internal to the same autonomous system. Between external peers (EBGP), loop prevention relies on the AS path attribute: every time a route crosses an AS boundary, the local AS number is prepended to the path, and a router rejects any incoming route whose AS path already contains its own AS number, since that would indicate the route has looped back around. Between internal peers (IBGP) within the same AS, however, the AS path attribute never changes, because IBGP does not add AS numbers as routes are readvertised internally
- meaning AS path alone cannot detect an internal loop. Instead, IBGP enforces a strict split-horizon-style rule: a router that learns a route via IBGP must never readvertise that route to another IBGP peer. This rule guarantees that every IBGP speaker within the AS must be directly peered with every other IBGP speaker (a logical full mesh) in order for all routers to receive all routes, since no IBGP router will relay IBGP-learned routes onward on another router's behalf. This full-mesh requirement is precisely why techniques such as route reflection and confederations were later developed - they preserve the same loop-prevention guarantee while relaxing the physical full-mesh peering burden. VRRP and BFD serve entirely unrelated purposes (gateway redundancy and fast failure detection, respectively) and play no role in BGP loop prevention.
Reference topics: Junos Enterprise Routing - BGP, IBGP Split-Horizon and the Full-Mesh Requirement.
NEW QUESTION # 92
You must implement filter-based forwarding. You need to direct traffic from the 192.168.1.0/24 through vr1 and traffic from 10.210.0.128/26 through vr2.
Which configuration is correct in this scenario?
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 93
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