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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Cluster Architecture, Installation & Configuration | 25% | - Understand extension interfaces (CNI, CSI, CRI, etc.) - Implement and configure a highly-available control plane - Create and manage Kubernetes clusters using kubeadm - Use Helm and Kustomize to install cluster components - Manage the lifecycle of Kubernetes clusters - Understand CRDs, install and configure operators - Prepare underlying infrastructure for installing a Kubernetes cluster - Manage role based access control (RBAC) |
| Topic 2: Workloads & Scheduling | 15% | - Understand how to run multiple schedulers and configure scheduler policies - Understand resource limits and requests - Understand DaemonSets - Use label selectors to schedule Pods - Use ConfigMaps and Secrets to configure applications - Understand Deployments and rolling update/rollback - Understand how scheduler works - Understand Static Pods |
| Topic 3: Storage | 10% | - Understand how to configure applications with persistent storage - Understand persistent volume claims primitive - Understand volume mode, access modes and reclaim policies - Understand Storage Classes and Persistent Volumes |
| Topic 4: Services & Networking | 20% | - Understand connectivity between Pods - Understand and use CoreDNS - Use the Gateway API to manage Ingress traffic - Define and enforce Network Policies - Know how to use Ingress controllers and Ingress resources - Use ClusterIP, NodePort, LoadBalancer service types and endpoints |
| Topic 5: Troubleshooting | 30% | - Troubleshoot application failure - Manage container stdout & stderr logs - Troubleshoot networking - Troubleshoot cluster component failure - Understand how to monitor applications - Evaluate cluster and node logging |
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NEW QUESTION # 72
You must connect to the correct host.
Failure to do so may result in a zero score.
[candidate@base] $ ssh Cka000056
Task
Review and apply the appropriate NetworkPolicy from the provided YAML samples.
Ensure that the chosen NetworkPolicy is not overly permissive, but allows communication between the frontend and backend Deployments, which run in the frontend and backend namespaces respectively.
First, analyze the frontend and backend Deployments to determine the specific requirements for the NetworkPolicy that needs to be applied.
Next, examine the NetworkPolicy YAML samples located in the ~/netpol folder.
Failure to comply may result in a reduced score.
Do not delete or modify the provided samples. Only apply one of them.
Finally, apply the NetworkPolicy that enables communication between the frontend and backend Deployments, without being overly permissive.
Answer:
Explanation:
Task Summary
* Connect to host cka000056
* Review existing frontend and backend Deployments
* Choose one correct NetworkPolicy from the ~/netpol directory
* The policy must:
* Allow traffic only from the frontend Deployment to the backend Deployment
* Avoid being overly permissive
* Apply the correct NetworkPolicy without modifying any sample files
Step-by-Step Instructions
Step 1: SSH into the correct node
ssh cka000056
Step 2: Inspect the frontend Deployment
Check the labels used in the frontend Deployment:
kubectl get deployment -n frontend -o yaml
Look under metadata.labels or spec.template.metadata.labels. Note the app or similar label (e.g., app:
frontend).
Step 3: Inspect the backend Deployment
kubectl get deployment -n backend -o yaml
Again, find the labels assigned to the pods (e.g., app: backend).
Step 4: List and review the provided NetworkPolicies
List the available files:
ls ~/netpol
Check the contents of each policy file:
cat ~/netpol/<file-name>.yaml
Look for a policy that:
* Has kind: NetworkPolicy
* Applies to the backend namespace
* Uses a podSelector that matches the backend pods
* Includes an ingress.from rule that references the frontend namespace using a namespaceSelector (and optionally a podSelector)
* Does not allow traffic from all namespaces or all pods
Here's what to look for in a good match:
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: NetworkPolicy
metadata:
name: allow-frontend-to-backend
namespace: backend
spec:
podSelector:
matchLabels:
app: backend
ingress:
- from:
- namespaceSelector:
matchLabels:
name: frontend
Even better if the policy includes:
- namespaceSelector:
matchLabels:
name: frontend
podSelector:
matchLabels:
app: frontend
This limits access to pods in the frontend namespace with a specific label.
Step 5: Apply the correct NetworkPolicy
Once you've identified the best match, apply it:
kubectl apply -f ~/netpol/<chosen-file>.yaml
Apply only one file. Do not alter or delete any existing sample.
ssh cka000056
kubectl get deployment -n frontend -o yaml
kubectl get deployment -n backend -o yaml
ls ~/netpol
cat ~/netpol/*.yaml # Review carefully
kubectl apply -f ~/netpol/<chosen-file>.yaml
Command Summary
ssh cka000056
kubectl get deployment -n frontend -o yaml
kubectl get deployment -n backend -o yaml
ls ~/netpol
cat ~/netpol/*.yaml # Review carefully
kubectl apply -f ~/netpol/<chosen-file>.yaml
NEW QUESTION # 73
List pod logs named "frontend" and search for the pattern "started" and write it to a file "/opt/error-logs" See the solution below.
Answer:
Explanation:
Kubectl logs frontend | grep -i "started" > /opt/error-logs
NEW QUESTION # 74
Get list of persistent volumes and persistent volume claim in the cluster
Answer:
Explanation:
kubectl get pv kubectl get pvc
NEW QUESTION # 75
A Kubernetes worker node, named wk8s-node-0 is in state NotReady. Investigate why this is the case, and perform any appropriate steps to bring the node to a Ready state, ensuring that any changes are made permanent.
You can ssh to the failed node using:
[student@node-1] $ | ssh Wk8s-node-0
You can assume elevated privileges on the node with the following command:
[student@w8ks-node-0] $ | sudo -i
Answer:
Explanation:
NEW QUESTION # 76
List all service account and create a service account called "admin"
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 77
......
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