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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Topic 1: Nokia fixed access portfolio | - FastMile FWA solutions - Lightspan FX and MF Optical Line Terminals - Home networking devices - Optical Network Terminals (ONTs) |
| Topic 2: Management interfaces and automation | - CLI fundamentals - YANG data models - Telemetry and automation concepts - NETCONF |
| Topic 3: Fixed network architectures and broadband access | - Passive Optical Networks (PON) - FTTH and FTTx technologies - Optical Distribution Network (ODN) - Broadband network architecture - Fixed Wireless Access (FWA) |
| Topic 4: Service delivery and operations | - Service provisioning - Network monitoring and troubleshooting - High-Speed Internet (HSI) - Voice, Internet and IPTV services |
| Topic 5: Software Defined Access Network (SDAN) | - Network topology and service health - Altiplano Access Controller - Corteca platform - Subscriber and service management |
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NEW QUESTION # 37
Which architectural principle is fundamental to Software-Defined Networking?
Answer: A
Explanation:
A central principle of Software-Defined Networking is the separation of control logic from packet-forwarding functions. The data plane remains responsible for forwarding traffic, while logically centralized control software determines policies and programs network behavior through defined interfaces. Logically centralized does not necessarily mean that all controller functions run on one physical server; they may be distributed for scalability and resilience while presenting a coordinated control view. SDN emphasizes programmability, automation, abstraction, and the use of APIs. It does not require every forwarding device to independently make all high-level policy decisions. It also avoids tightly coupling every function into one fixed proprietary system. In fixed-access networks, these concepts help operators automate service delivery and manage different access devices through common models and controller applications.
NEW QUESTION # 38
Which of the following statements correctly describes downstream and upstream transmission in a GPON network?
Answer: D
Explanation:
GPON uses different transmission methods in the downstream and upstream directions. In the downstream direction, the OLT sends a continuous stream through the passive optical splitter. This stream reaches every connected ONT, but each ONT processes only the frames intended for it. Encryption can protect subscriber traffic from other ONTs on the same PON. In the upstream direction, several ONTs share the same optical fiber and cannot transmit simultaneously without coordination. The OLT therefore assigns transmission opportunities using Time Division Multiple Access. Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation can adjust these upstream grants according to traffic demand and service requirements. Separate fibers are not required for each subscriber because GPON commonly uses wavelength separation to carry downstream and upstream traffic over the same fiber infrastructure.
NEW QUESTION # 39
In an 802.1X-based subscriber authentication design, which role does the residential gateway normally perform?
Answer: C
Explanation:
The residential gateway normally acts as the 802.1X supplicant. It supplies identity information and participates in the Extensible Authentication Protocol exchange required to obtain network access. The access device or OLT commonly performs the authenticator role, controlling the subscriber-facing port and relaying authentication information between the supplicant and the authentication server. The authentication server, frequently using RADIUS, validates the credentials and returns an authorization result or related policy attributes. The gateway is therefore not itself the RADIUS database or authentication server in this design. A multicast querier performs a separate function by sending IGMP queries to maintain multicast membership information. Before successful authentication, the authenticator generally restricts ordinary subscriber traffic while allowing the authentication exchange required to complete access control.
NEW QUESTION # 40
How does an ADSL connection support simultaneous traditional voice and broadband data over the same copper pair?
Answer: C
Explanation:
ADSL uses frequency-division techniques to place traditional analog voice and broadband data in different portions of the available copper-pair spectrum. The lower-frequency range is reserved for voice, while higher-frequency ranges carry upstream and downstream DSL data. Filters or splitters separate these frequency ranges at the subscriber and network sides, allowing a telephone call and an Internet session to operate simultaneously. The services are not required to alternate in time, and an optical wavelength is not involved because ADSL operates over copper. GPON time-slot scheduling applies to upstream transmissions from ONTs on a passive optical network, not to ADSL voice separation. Line quality, loop length, attenuation, and interference affect the data rate that ADSL can achieve.
NEW QUESTION # 41
Why must a managed ONT or residential gateway be reachable before an Auto Configuration Server can provision it using TR-069?
Answer: D
Explanation:
TR-069 enables remote management through communication between customer-premises equipment and an Auto Configuration Server. The device must be powered, operational, and able to establish or participate in a management session before configuration parameters, software information, diagnostics, or status data can be exchanged. An ACS cannot provision a device that is completely offline because no active communication path exists. TR-069 does not configure passive splitters, which contain no management processor or configurable service logic. The managed device can be located at the subscriber premises and does not need to be inside the central office. Communication is carried over the device's network connection rather than exclusively through an OLT serial console. Authentication and protected transport help secure management exchanges between the device and the ACS.
NEW QUESTION # 42
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