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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| SDN and Network Automation | - Software Defined Networking
|
| O&M and Troubleshooting | - Operations and Maintenance
|
| Data Center Routing | - Routing Protocols in DC Environment
|
| VXLAN Technology | - Overlay Networking
|
| Data Center Network Fundamentals | - Data Center Architecture Overview
|
| Data Center Switching Technologies | - Ethernet Switching in Data Centers
|
| Network Security and Reliability | - Data Center Security Mechanisms
|
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46. Frage
Which of the following statements is false about VXLAN tunnel establishment?
Antwort: A
Begründung:
VXLAN (Virtual Extensible LAN) tunnels are used to encapsulate Layer 2 traffic over a Layer 3 network, a key component in Huawei's CloudFabric data center solutions. Let's evaluate each statement:
A . A VXLAN tunnel is identified by a pair of VTEPs: This is true. A VXLAN tunnel is identified by the pair of VXLAN Tunnel Endpoint (VTEP) IP addresses (local and remote), along with the VNI (VXLAN Network Identifier). This ensures unique tunnel identification. TRUE.
B . After a tunnel is established, if one end of the tunnel goes Down, the other end may not go Down: This is true. VXLAN tunnels are unidirectional, and the status of one end does not automatically affect the other unless the underlay network connectivity (e.g., Layer 3 reachability) is lost. The remote VTEP may remain operational if it can still encapsulate/decapsulate traffic. TRUE.
C . For a static tunnel, you need to manually configure the local and remote VNIs: This is true. In a static VXLAN tunnel, administrators must manually configure the VNI and VTEP IP addresses on both ends, as there is no dynamic control plane (e.g., BGP EVPN) to automate the process. TRUE.
D . Dynamic tunnels depend on EVPN Type 5 routes to transmit information: This is false. Dynamic VXLAN tunnels rely on BGP EVPN as the control plane, but Type 5 routes (IP Prefix routes) are specifically used for advertising host IP routes and external network routes, not for general tunnel establishment. Dynamic tunnel setup primarily uses Type 2 (MAC/IP Advertisement) and Type 3 (Multicast) routes to exchange VNI and VTEP information. Type 5 routes are relevant for Layer 3 routing, not the initial tunnel setup. FALSE.
Thus, D is the false statement because dynamic tunnels depend on EVPN Type 2 and Type 3 routes, not Type 5, for initial establishment.
47. Frage
An enterprise builds a DC and deploys iMaster NCE-Fabric to automatically deliver network configurations. After the engineer manually deploys the underlay network and delivers overlay network configurations through iMaster NCE-Fabric, it is found that tenant hosts cannot access external networks. Which of the following is not a possible cause of this fault?
Antwort: C
Begründung:
In Huawei's CloudFabric Solution, iMaster NCE-Fabric automates overlay network (e.g., VXLAN) configuration, while the underlay network is manually deployed. Tenant hosts failing to access external networks indicate a connectivity issue, likely at the overlay-underlay boundary or security layer. Let's evaluate each option as a possible cause:
A . No return route is configured on the PE: This is a possible cause. The Provider Edge (PE) device (e.g., border leaf or router) must have a return route to the tenant's VXLAN network for external access. Without it, traffic from external networks cannot reach the DC. POSSIBLE CAUSE.
B . The engineer did not check whether the service loopback interface needs to be configured on the VXLAN network based on the switch model: This is a possible cause. Some Huawei switch models (e.g., CE series) require a service loopback interface as the VTEP source IP. If omitted or misconfigured based on the model, external connectivity fails. POSSIBLE CAUSE.
C . No firewall security policy is configured when host traffic passes through the firewall: This is a possible cause. If a firewall is in the path (e.g., between tenant VPC and external network), a missing security policy (e.g., allowing outbound traffic) blocks access. POSSIBLE CAUSE.
D . The MAC address of the NVE interface on the VXLAN network is not manually specified: This is not a possible cause. The Network Virtualization Edge (NVE) interface in VXLAN does not require a manually specified MAC address; it uses the switch's system MAC or auto-generates one. iMaster NCE-Fabric typically handles this automatically, and manual specification is neither required nor a common fault point for external access issues. NOT A POSSIBLE CAUSE.
Thus, D is not a possible cause of the fault.
48. Frage
Fill in blank
The FusionCompute logical architecture consists of two modules: ___ and CNA. (Enter the acronym in uppercase letters.)
Antwort:
Begründung:
VRM
Explanation:
FusionCompute is Huawei's virtualization platform, part of the FusionSphere ecosystem, designed for managing virtualized resources in data centers. Its logical architecture consists of two primary modules:
VRM (Virtualization Resource Management): VRM is the management module responsible for centralized control, resource allocation, and monitoring of virtual machines, hosts, and clusters. It provides the user interface and orchestration capabilities for administrators to manage the virtualized environment.
CNA (Compute Node Agent): CNA runs on physical hosts and handles the execution of virtualization tasks, such as VM creation, resource scheduling, and communication with the underlying hypervisor (typically KVM in Huawei's implementation). It acts as the compute node agent interfacing with the hardware.
Together, VRM and CNA form the core logical architecture of FusionCompute, with VRM managing the environment and CNA executing the compute tasks. The answer, per Huawei's documentation, is VRM.
49. Frage
A hypervisor virtualizes the following physical resources: memory, and input/output (I/O) resources. (Enter the acronym in uppercase letters.)
Antwort:
Begründung:
CPU
Explanation:
A hypervisor is a software layer that creates and manages virtual machines (VMs) by abstracting physical resources from the underlying hardware. The question specifies that the hypervisor virtualizes "memory" and "input/output (I/O) resources," and the task is to provide the missing resource acronym in uppercase letters. In virtualization contexts, including Huawei's FusionCompute or OpenStack with KVM, the primary physical resources virtualized by a hypervisor are:
CPU: The central processing unit (CPU) is virtualized to allocate processing power to VMs, enabling multi-tenancy and workload isolation.
Memory: Virtualized to provide RAM allocation to VMs, abstracted via memory management units (MMUs).
I/O Resources: Input/output resources (e.g., NICs, disks) are virtualized to allow VMs to communicate and store data, often through virtual NICs (vNICs) or virtual disks.
The question lists "memory" and "I/O resources" explicitly, implying the missing resource is CPU, as it completes the standard triad of virtualized resources in hypervisor design. Thus, the answer is CPU.
50. Frage
Which of the following servers are built into iMaster NCE-Fabric to provide related services?
(Select All that Apply)
Antwort: A,D
Begründung:
Huawei's iMaster NCE-Fabric is an SDN controller for the CloudFabric Solution, providing network orchestration and management. It includes built-in servers to support its operations. Let's evaluate each option:
A). DNS server: This is false. iMaster NCE-Fabric does not include a built-in DNS server; it relies on external DNS services for name resolution, configured during deployment. FALSE.
B). RADIUS authentication server: This is false. RADIUS authentication is typically handled by external AAA servers; iMaster NCE-Fabric integrates with them but does not embed a RADIUS server. FALSE.
C). DHCP server: This is true. iMaster NCE-Fabric includes a built-in DHCP server to assign temporary IP addresses during Zero Touch Provisioning (ZTP) or initial device configuration.
TRUE.
D). Version file server: This is true. A version file server is built into iMaster NCE-Fabric to store and deliver software images or configuration files for device upgrades and management. TRUE.
Thus, C (DHCP server) and D (Version file server) are built into iMaster NCE-Fabric.
51. Frage
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