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NEW QUESTION # 429
A penetration tester is drafting a report of findings and recommendations. Multiple EOL biomedical devices were compromised using a combination of known-exploit payloads for CVEs and VLAN hopping. The tester acknowledges that the systems cannot be changed or replaced in the hospital due to regulatory, safety, and cost reasons. Which of the following are the most effective controls for this scenario? (Select two).
Answer: B,D
Explanation:
The best two controls are C and E because the scenario has two distinct technical problems :
* the biomedical devices are EOL and vulnerable to known CVEs , and
* the attacker also used VLAN hopping .
Since the devices cannot be patched, replaced, or materially changed , the strongest response is to apply compensating network controls around them. That makes this primarily a Security Architecture question focused on segmentation and preventive controls . CompTIA's official SecurityX CAS-005 objectives explicitly include "Network architecture: segmentation, microsegmentation..." and also list "proactive, detective, and preventative controls" as part of control strategy design.
Why C is correct:
Limiting trunking protocols to specific uplink ports of access switches directly addresses the VLAN hopping portion of the attack. VLAN hopping commonly succeeds when switch ports are incorrectly allowed to negotiate or carry trunk traffic where they should function only as access ports. Restricting trunking to designated uplinks reduces the chance that an attacker can pivot between VLANs by abusing switch behavior.
This fits CompTIA's official SecurityX objective area covering network segmentation and secure boundary enforcement.
Why E is correct:
Inserting an in-line IPS between network segments of the affected hosts is the strongest compensating control for the known CVE exploit traffic against EOL devices. Because the systems cannot be updated, an in-line IPS can actively inspect and block malicious payloads moving between segments. This is much more effective than passive monitoring alone because it is a preventive control, not just a detective one. CompTIA's official SecurityX objectives specifically emphasize preventative controls and segmentation
/microsegmentation , which is exactly what this design uses to protect unpatchable assets.
Why the other options are not the best answers:
A). IDS with active response from a network tap is weaker than an in-line IPS in this case. A network tap is out-of-band, so detection may help visibility, but it does not provide the same direct traffic-blocking capability as an in-line preventive control. In a hospital with unpatchable biomedical systems, prevention at segmentation boundaries is more effective than relying mainly on monitoring. CompTIA's objectives distinguish between detective and preventative controls, and this scenario clearly favors prevention.
B). QoS limiting throughput does not address either root cause. Lower bandwidth does not stop CVE exploitation and does not prevent VLAN hopping. It may reduce traffic volume, but it is not a meaningful security mitigation for the attack described.
D). Adding a proxy and requiring staff authentication every connection is not the most effective answer because the compromise described is tied to device vulnerabilities and network segmentation weaknesses , not primarily to user authentication. It also may be operationally unsuitable for biomedical workflows.
F). Security awareness training is valuable in general, but it is not an effective primary control for exploit payloads against EOL medical devices or VLAN hopping . The problem is architectural and technical, so the answer must also be architectural and technical.
Official extract alignment:
A short official extract from CompTIA's SecurityX CAS-005 objectives summary that supports this answer is: "Network architecture: segmentation, microsegmentation..." and "Cloud control strategies: proactive, detective, and preventative controls..." . Also, in CompTIA's official SecurityX practice questions, CompTIA gives a related design pattern for constrained/embedded devices: "Operating IoT devices on a separate network with no access to other devices internally" , which reinforces isolation and segmentation as the preferred control approach for hard-to-modify devices.
References:
CompTIA SecurityX (CAS-005) official certification page and exam objectives summary.
CompTIA SecurityX (V5) official practice questions, especially the separate-network control example for IoT devices.
NEW QUESTION # 430
A regulated company is in the process of refreshing its entire infrastructure. The company has a business-critical process running on an old 2008 Windows server. If this server fails, the company would lose millions of dollars in revenue. Which of the following actions should the company take?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Creating an organizational risk register ensures the issue is documented and prioritized for mitigation, aligning with risk management best practices. Accepting the risk is not advisable due to the financial implications of failure. Implementing network compensating controls does not address server reliability. Purchasing insurance only offsets financial risk and does not ensure system functionality.
NEW QUESTION # 431
A company needs to create a design that facilitates monitoring and alerting over the identity and access management surface. A primary design consideration should be the existence of multiple independent identity providers with a hybrid, multicloud environment. Which of the following components should be included as part of the design?
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 432
An analyst has prepared several possible solutions to a successful attack on the company. The solutions need to be implemented with the least amount of downtime. Which of the following should the analyst perform?
Answer: A
Explanation:
To minimize downtime, testing should occur in a virtual lab, not production. The best approach is to test solutions methodically: implement one solution at a time, run an attack SIMULATION, collect metrics, roll back, and repeat. This isolates each solution's effectiveness, ensuring accurate metrics for decision-making without production impact.
Option A:Testing all solutions simultaneously muddies the results-metrics won't show which solution worked.
Option B:Collecting metrics before the
SIMULATION misses the point of testing against the attack.
Option C:Correct-tests each solution independently with
SIMULATION and metrics, minimizing downtime via virtual lab use.
Option D:Like A, combining solutions obscures individual effectiveness.
NEW QUESTION # 433
An organization is developing a disaster recovery plan that requires data to be backed up and available ata moment's notice. Which of the following should the organization consider first to address this requirement?
Answer: D
Explanation:
For a disaster recovery (DR) plan requiring immediate data availability, the first step is understanding what needs to be protected and recovered. Identifying critical business processes and their associated software and hardware requirements establishes the foundation for the DR plan. This ensures that backups and recovery mechanisms align with business priorities, meeting the "moment's notice" requirement.
* Option A:A change management plan is important for system consistency but doesn't directly address immediate data availability in a DR context.
* Option B:Hiring staff supports execution but doesn't define what needs to be recovered or how. It's a later step.
* Option C:A warm site (a partially operational backup site) is a good DR solution, but designing it comes after identifying critical processes and resources.
* Option D:This is the first step in any DR planning process-knowing what's critical ensures the plan meets availability goals efficiently.
NEW QUESTION # 434
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