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ECCouncil 312-50v13 Exam Syllabus Topics:

Section	Weight	Objectives
Topic 1: Cryptography and Post-Exploitation	13%	- Cryptography Concepts 1. Code Signing and Email Encryption 2. Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) 3. Disk Encryption and Cryptanalysis 4. Encryption Algorithms (Symmetric and Asymmetric) 5. Cryptography Tools 6. Hashing and Digital Signatures 7. Encryption Fundamentals 8. Cryptography Countermeasures - Post-Exploitation Techniques 1. Post-Exploitation Concepts 2. Lateral Movement and Tunneling 3. Advanced Persistent Threat (APT) 4. Reporting and Documentation 5. Covering Tracks and Maintaining Access
Topic 2: Vulnerability Analysis	7%	- Vulnerability Assessment Concepts 1. Vulnerability Assessment Solutions 2. Vulnerability Scoring Systems 3. Vulnerability Assessment Tools and Software
Topic 3: Information Security and Ethical Hacking Overview	6%	- Information Security Overview 1. Proactive Cyber Defense 2. Information Security Threats and Attack Vectors 3. Understanding Information Security 4. Understanding Information Security Laws and Standards 5. Understanding Information Security Controls - Ethical Hacking Overview 1. Governance and Compliance 2. What is Ethical Hacking? 3. Security Testing Methodologies 4. Skills and Mindset of an Ethical Hacker 5. Need for Ethical Hackers
Topic 4: Mobile Platform and IoT Attacks	7%	- IoT and OT Attacks 1. OT Concepts and Attacks 2. IoT Hacking Methodology 3. IoT Concepts and Architecture 4. IoT Attack Tools and Countermeasures 5. IoT Vulnerabilities and Threats - Mobile Platform Attack Vectors 1. Mobile Attack Techniques 2. Mobile Platform Overview 3. Mobile Device Management (MDM) 4. Mobile Security Tools and Countermeasures 5. Mobile Malware and Mobile Spyware 6. Mobile Attack Surfaces and Vulnerabilities
Topic 5: Wireless Network Attacks	9%	- Wireless Hacking Methodology 1. Wireless Sniffing and Wardriving 2. Wireless Network Hacking Tools 3. Cracking WPA/WPA2 and WEP Encryption 4. Bluetooth and RFID Attacks 5. Wireless Network Countermeasures - Wireless Network Concepts 1. Wireless Network Topology and Threats 2. Wireless Encryption and Security 3. Wireless Terminology and Standards
Topic 6: Reconnaissance Techniques	21%	- Footprinting and Reconnaissance 1. Footprinting through Social Networking Sites 2. Footprinting through Search Engines 3. Competitive Intelligence Gathering 4. Email Footprinting 5. DNS Footprinting 6. Network Footprinting 7. Footprinting Tools 8. Footprinting Countermeasures 9. Website Footprinting 10. AWS Cloud Footprinting 11. Footprinting through Web Services - Scanning Networks 1. Proxy Servers and Anonymizers 2. Detecting Live Systems 3. Nmap and Zenmap 4. Scan for Vulnerabilities 5. Network Scanning Concepts 6. Scanning Countermeasures 7. Banner Grabbing 8. Hping2 and Hping3 9. Port Scanning Techniques 10. Drawing Network Diagrams 11. Masscan 12. Scanning Tools 13. NIDS, NIPS, and Firewall Evasion Techniques
Topic 7: Enumeration	15%	- Enumeration Concepts 1. Enumeration Fundamentals 2. Enumeration Techniques - Enumeration Process 1. LDAP Enumeration 2. Enumeration Countermeasures 3. NetBIOS Enumeration 4. Mail Server Enumeration 5. RPC and NFS Enumeration 6. NTP Enumeration 7. SMB and SAMBA Enumeration 8. VoIP Enumeration 9. SNMP Enumeration
Topic 8: Sniffing and Evasion	10%	- Network Sniffing 1. Sniffing Detection and Countermeasures 2. ARP Spoofing 3. Sniffing Concepts 4. VLAN Hopping and DHCP Starvation 5. Sniffing Tools 6. MAC Flooding and Switch Port Stealing 7. STP Attacks and DNS Poisoning - Network Evasion 1. Evasion Techniques 2. IDS/Firewall Evasion Tools 3. Denial of Service Attacks 4. Firewalls and Intrusion Detection/Prevention Systems - Social Engineering 1. Social Engineering Tools and Countermeasures 2. Insider Threats and Identity Theft 3. Social Engineering Techniques 4. Social Engineering Concepts
Topic 9: Malware Threats	8%	- Malware and Its Types 1. APT Concepts 2. Types of Malware 3. APT and Futuristic Malware 4. Malware Fundamentals - Malware Analysis and Distribution 1. Malware Analysis Techniques 2. Malware Detection Methods 3. Malware Countermeasures
Topic 10: Cloud and Container Attacks	10%	- Cloud Computing Concepts 1. Serverless Architecture 2. Cloud Architecture and Deployment Models 3. Cloud Service Models (IaaS, PaaS, SaaS) 4. Container Technology - Cloud Attacks and Security 1. Cloud Security Tools and Best Practices 2. Cloud Security Threats and Attacks 3. Container Security Tools and Countermeasures 4. Cloud Penetration Testing
Topic 11: System Hacking	17%	- System Hacking Tools and Countermeasures 1. Steganography 2. Rootkits 3. Keyloggers and Spyware 4. Password Recovery Tools 5. Ports and Log Files 6. Covering Tracks Countermeasures - System Hacking Methodologies 1. Cracking Passwords 2. Escalating Privileges 3. Gaining Access 4. Covering Tracks 5. Hiding Files 6. Executing Applications
Topic 12: Web Application Attacks	19%	- Web Application Concepts and Attacks 1. Injection Attacks 2. Web Application Password Cracking and Clickjacking 3. Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) and Request Forgery 4. Web Application Scanning and Testing Tools 5. OWASP Top 10 Vulnerabilities 6. Web Application Countermeasures 7. Authentication and Session Management Attacks 8. Web Application Architecture - Hacking Web Servers and Web Applications 1. Web Server Attacks 2. Web Server Attack Methodology 3. Web Server and Web Application Countermeasures

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ECCouncil Certified Ethical Hacker Exam (CEH v13 AI) Sample Questions (Q446-Q451):

NEW QUESTION # 446
A penetration tester is assessing a mobile application and discovers that the app is vulnerable to improper session management. The session tokens are not invalidated upon logout, allowing the tokens to be reused. What is the most effective way to exploit this vulnerability?

A. Execute a SQL injection attack to retrieve session tokens from the database
B. Use a brute-force attack to guess valid session tokens
C. Use a Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) attack to steal the session tokens
D. Perform a replay attack by using the same session token after the user logs out

Answer: D

Explanation:
When session tokens are not invalidated on logout, an attacker can reuse a previously captured token to regain authenticated access, which is a classic session replay attack exploiting improper session termination.

NEW QUESTION # 447
A penetration tester discovers that a web application is vulnerable to Local File Inclusion (LFI) due to improper input validation in a URL parameter. Which approach should the tester take to exploit this vulnerability?

A. Perform a Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) attack by injecting malicious scripts into the URL
B. Use directory traversal to access sensitive files on the server, such as /etc/passwd
C. Conduct a brute-force attack on the admin login page to gain access
D. Inject SQL commands into the URL parameter to test for database vulnerabilities

Answer: B

Explanation:
Local File Inclusion vulnerabilities arise when a web application incorporates user-supplied input into file- handling functions without proper sanitization. CEH courseware emphasizes that attackers can leverage directory traversal sequences (such as ../../) to escape the intended directory structure and access sensitive local files. An LFI payload commonly targets system files like /etc/passwd on Linux to extract user information or escalate the attack further.

NEW QUESTION # 448
Scenario: Joe turns on his home computer to access personal online banking. When he enters the URL www.bank.com, the website is displayed, but it prompts him to re-enter his credentials as if he has never visited the site before. When he examines the website URL closer, he finds that the site is not secure and the web address appears different. What type of attack he is experiencing?

A. DHCP spoofing
B. ARP cache poisoning
C. DoS attack
D. DNS hijacking

Answer: D

NEW QUESTION # 449
As a cybersecurity analyst for SecureNet, you are performing a security assessment of a new mobile payment application. One of your primary concerns is the secure storage of customer data on the device. The application stores sensitive information such as credit card details and personal identification numbers (PINs) on the device. Which of the following measures would best ensure the security of this data?

A. Regularly update the app to the latest version.
B. Encrypt all sensitive data stored on the device.
C. Implement biometric authentication for app access.
D. Enable GPS tracking for all devices using the app.

Answer: B

Explanation:
Encrypting all sensitive data stored on the device is the best measure to ensure the security of this data, because it protects the data from unauthorized access or disclosure, even if the device is lost, stolen, or compromised. Encryption is a process of transforming data into an unreadable format using a secret key or algorithm. Only authorized parties who have the correct key or algorithm can decrypt and access the data.
Encryption can be applied to data at rest, such as files or databases, or data in transit, such as network traffic or messages. Encryption can prevent attackers from stealing or tampering with the customer data stored on the device, such as credit card details and PINs, which can cause financial or identity fraud.
The other options are not as effective or sufficient as encryption for securing the customer data stored on the device. Implementing biometric authentication for app access may provide an additional layer of security, but it does not protect the data from being accessed by other means, such as malware, physical access, or backup extraction. Enabling GPS tracking for all devices using the app may help locate the device in case of loss or theft, but it does not prevent the data from being accessed by unauthorized parties, and it may also pose privacy risks. Regularly updating the app to the latest version may help fix bugs or vulnerabilities, but it does not guarantee the security of the data, especially if the app does not use encryption or other security features. References:
* Securely Storing Data | Security.org
* Data Storage Security: 5 Best Practices to Secure Your Data
* M9: Insecure Data Storage | OWASP Foundation

NEW QUESTION # 450
Your company performs PCI-DSS audits and penetration testing for third-party clients. During an approved pen test you have discovered a folder on an employee ' s computer that appears to have hundreds of credit card numbers and other forms of personally identifiable information (PII). Which of the following is the best course of action?

A. Stop the pen test immediately and contact management.
B. Make a copy of the data and store it on your local machine.
C. Contact the employee and ask why they have the data.
D. Continue the pen test and include this information in your report.

Answer: A

Explanation:
The correct answer is B. In CEH ethical hacking and penetration-testing guidance, testers must operate strictly within the authorized scope, agreement, and reporting procedures. When sensitive data such as credit card numbers and PII is unexpectedly discovered, the tester should not copy, move, examine further, or continue testing as though it were a normal finding. CEH-aligned guidance specifically warns that when illegal or highly sensitive material is encountered, it should not be copied to the tester's own device, and the tester must follow team guidance and remain within the engagement agreement. Continuing the test could increase exposure, disturb evidence, or violate PCI-DSS and privacy handling requirements. Making a local copy is especially wrong because it creates another unauthorized location for regulated data. Contacting the employee directly is also improper because escalation should go through the approved client point of contact or management. Therefore, the best course of action is to stop the test immediately and contact management.

NEW QUESTION # 451
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