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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Topic 1: Cryptography | - Encryption, hashing, and cryptanalysis |
| Topic 2: Reconnaissance Techniques | - Scanning networks and enumeration - Footprinting and information gathering |
| Topic 3: System Hacking | - Gaining access and privilege escalation - Malware threats and system exploitation |
| Topic 4: Introduction to Ethical Hacking | - Ethical hacking concepts and methodology |
| Topic 5: Web and Application Security | - Web application hacking techniques |
| Topic 6: Wireless and Mobile Security | - Mobile platform vulnerabilities - Wireless network attacks |
| Topic 7: Network Attacks | - Sniffing and session hijacking - Denial of Service (DoS/DDoS) |
| Topic 8: Cloud and IoT Security | - IoT security fundamentals - Cloud computing security concepts |
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NEW QUESTION # 850
Although FTP traffic is not encrypted by default, which Layer 3 protocol would allow for end-to-end encryption of the connection?
Answer: D
Explanation:
The correct answer is D. IPsec (Internet Protocol Security). The question specifically asks for a Layer 3 protocol that can provide end-to-end encryption for FTP traffic. IPsec operates at the Network Layer (Layer
3) of the OSI model and secures IP communications by providing confidentiality, integrity, authentication, and anti-replay protection.
Since standard FTP transmits usernames, passwords, and data in plaintext, it is vulnerable to packet sniffing and man-in-the-middle attacks. By implementing IPsec, all IP packets exchanged between the client and server can be encrypted regardless of the application being used. This means FTP traffic can be protected without modifying the FTP application itself.
Option A (FTPS) uses SSL/TLS to secure FTP but operates at higher layers. Option B (SFTP) is a secure file transfer protocol that runs over SSH and is considered an application-layer solution rather than a Layer 3 protocol. Option C (SSL) provides transport/session-layer encryption and is not a Layer 3 protocol.
CEH Exam Tip:
* IPsec = Layer 3 (Network Layer) Encryption
* SSL/TLS = Higher-layer Encryption
* SFTP = SSH-based Secure File Transfer
* FTPS = FTP over SSL/TLS
Therefore, the best answer is D. IPsec.
NEW QUESTION # 851
Bob wants to ensure that Alice can check whether his message has been tampered with. He creates a checksum of the message and encrypts it using asymmetric cryptography. What key does Bob use to encrypt the checksum for accomplishing this goal?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Bob wants Alice to verify that the message hasn't been tampered with. This is a use case for ensuring data integrity and authenticity. The process described matches the creation of a digital signature:
Bob computes a checksum (typically a cryptographic hash) of the message.
Then, he encrypts this checksum (hash) using his own private key.
Alice receives the message and decrypts the checksum using Bob's public key.
If the decrypted checksum matches the hash she computes from the received message, she confirms the message's integrity and authenticity.
This is a fundamental principle of digital signatures.
Incorrect Options:
A). Alice's private key is never used by others; it's confidential.
B). Encrypting with Alice's public key ensures confidentiality, not authenticity.
D). Bob's public key is used by the receiver to verify authenticity, not for encryption in this context.
Reference - CEH v13 Official Courseware:
Module 20: Cryptography
Section: "Digital Signatures"
Subsection: "Using Private Keys to Sign and Public Keys to Verify"
CEH Engage Lab: Email Signing and Verification
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NEW QUESTION # 852
A cyber attacker has initiated a series of activities against a high-profile organization following the Cyber Kill Chain Methodology. The attacker is presently in the "Delivery" stage. As an Ethical Hacker, you are trying to anticipate the adversary's next move. What is the most probable subsequent action from the attacker based on the Cyber Kill Chain Methodology?
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 853
You are an ethical hacker at Titan Cyber Defense, hired by BrightWave Publishing in New York City to assess the security of their content management system (CMS). While testing the article search function, you input malformed strings such as multiple single quotes. The application responds with system feedback that unexpectedly reveals the database type and internal query structure, including table and column information.
You use these disclosures to better understand how the backend query is built.
Which of the following methods to detect SQL injection are you employing?
Answer: C
Explanation:
The correct answer is B. Testing String because the scenario describes a classic SQL injection detection approach where the tester submits special characters and malformed input strings-most notably single quotes (')-to observe how the application processes them and whether it produces database error feedback. In SQL injection discovery, inserting a single quote (or multiple quotes) into a parameter commonly breaks the intended SQL syntax if the input is concatenated into a query without proper validation/escaping or parameterization. When this happens, the backend database often returns error messages that may disclose critical information such as the DBMS type (e.g., MySQL, Microsoft SQL Server, Oracle), query fragments, and sometimes references to table/column names. That is exactly what you observed: "system feedback that unexpectedly reveals the database type and internal query structure." This method is specifically called "testing strings" in CEH-style SQL injection identification: using quote characters, delimiters, comment markers, and other metacharacters to see whether the application is vulnerable and whether errors or abnormal behavior occur. The goal is not to fully exploit the injection immediately, but to confirm whether input is being interpreted as part of an SQL statement and to collect clues that help the tester model the backend query and proceed with safe, authorized validation steps.
Why the other options are less accurate: Function testing is a broader web-testing concept and is not the specific SQLi detection tactic shown. Dynamic testing generally refers to testing an application while it is running to observe behavior, but it does not name this specific SQLi discovery technique. Fuzz testing involves sending large volumes of random or semi-random unexpected inputs to trigger crashes or errors; while multiple quotes could be part of fuzzing, the described method is the targeted, well-known SQLi testing string approach used to elicit informative SQL errors.
Therefore, the method being employed is Testing String.
NEW QUESTION # 854
In Boston, Massachusetts, network administrator Daniel Carter is monitoring the IT infrastructure of New England Insurance, a prominent firm, after receiving alerts about sluggish system performance. While reviewing traffic patterns, Daniel observes an unusual volume of concurrent requests overwhelming critical servers. To validate his suspicion of a session hijacking attempt, he begins capturing and reviewing live network traffic to identify unauthorized session behaviors before escalating to the security team.
What detection method should Daniel use to confirm the session hijacking attack in this scenario?
Answer: A
Explanation:
The scenario emphasizes that Daniel "begins capturing and reviewing live network traffic" to identify unauthorized session behaviors. In CEH-aligned network analysis practice, the most direct method to confirm session hijacking when you already have a packet capture is manual packet analysis using packet sniffing tools. By inspecting live traffic, Daniel can correlate sessions, verify whether multiple sources are reusing the same session identifiers, identify abnormal TCP sequence and acknowledgment behavior, and detect patterns such as duplicated cookies/tokens, replayed requests, inconsistent client IP or user-agent shifts, or sudden session reuse across hosts. This approach provides evidentiary detail beyond an alert and allows validation before escalation.
An IDS can be helpful, but it is a detection system that generates alerts based on signatures or anomalies; it does not inherently "confirm" the issue unless it provides clear supporting evidence, and the question specifically frames Daniel's action as hands-on traffic review. Checking for predictable session tokens is a preventive and diagnostic step for weak session management design, but it does not directly confirm an in- progress hijacking event from observed network behavior. Monitoring for ACK storms can indicate certain TCP-level hijacking/desynchronization conditions, but it is narrower and may not apply to application-layer session hijacking, which is far more common in enterprise environments and would be validated by inspecting session identifiers and request flows in the capture.
Therefore, given the described workflow and the need to confirm unauthorized session activity from live traffic, CEH methodology aligns best with manual packet analysis using sniffing tools.
NEW QUESTION # 855
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