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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Routine Blood Collections | - Equipment selection and use - Order of draw - Venipuncture procedures |
| Specimen Processing and Handling | - Common errors and rejection criteria - Quality assurance procedures - Specimen transport and storage |
| Special Collections | - Pediatric and geriatric considerations - Capillary puncture (fingerstick/heel stick) - Non-routine specimen collection methods |
| Safety and Compliance | - HIPAA and patient confidentiality - Infection control and standard precautions - OSHA regulations and patient safety |
| Patient Preparation | - Patient identification and communication - Site selection and preparation - Specimen labeling procedures |
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NEW QUESTION # 78
A phlebotomist is collecting a blood culture from a 6-month-old infant who has no known allergies. Which of the following disinfectants should the phlebotomist use?
Answer: B
Explanation:
Chlorhexidine gluconate is the best answer for blood culture skin antisepsis in this 6-month-old infant with no known allergies. Blood cultures require stricter skin disinfection than routine venipuncture because contamination can produce false-positive culture results, unnecessary antibiotics, repeat testing, and delayed diagnosis. Sodium polyanethol sulfonate is not a skin disinfectant; it is an anticoagulant/additive used in blood culture media to support organism recovery. Sodium hypochlorite is a bleach-type disinfectant used for environmental decontamination, not patient skin preparation for venipuncture. Hydrogen peroxide is not the standard blood culture skin antiseptic. Chlorhexidine is widely used for effective skin antisepsis, and CDC guidance recognizes chlorhexidine-containing agents in healthcare infection-control contexts when age, skin maturity, and clinical risk are considered. For collection technique, the phlebotomist should cleanse the site properly, allow the antiseptic to dry, avoid repalpating unless sterile technique is used, collect adequate volume, and label/document accurately. Reference topics: Special Collections; blood culture collection; pediatric skin preparation; contamination prevention.
NEW QUESTION # 79
Which of the following tube colors is commonly used for coagulation testing?
Answer: D
Explanation:
Light-blue tubes are commonly used for coagulation testing because they contain sodium citrate. Citrate binds calcium reversibly, preventing clotting while preserving the specimen for coagulation analysis such as PT, INR, and aPTT. The tube must be filled to the required level because coagulation testing depends on a precise blood-to-anticoagulant ratio. Underfilling a light-blue tube can falsely prolong clotting results and cause specimen rejection. Lavender tubes contain EDTA and are commonly used for hematology tests such as CBC. Gray tubes often contain sodium fluoride and potassium oxalate and are used for glucose or lactate testing depending on facility protocol. Red tubes are generally serum tubes without anticoagulant or with clot activator depending on manufacturer. The phlebotomist must collect light-blue tubes in the correct order of draw and inspect for proper fill. This is a high-yield NHA-style concept because it combines tube color, additive, test department, and specimen acceptability. Reference topics: Routine Blood Collections; coagulation tubes; sodium citrate; fill volume; order of draw.
NEW QUESTION # 80
A patient states they ate breakfast 1 hour before a fasting lipid panel. Which of the following actions should the phlebotomist take?
Answer: A
Explanation:
The phlebotomist should ask the provider or follow facility policy to determine whether the specimen should still be collected. A fasting lipid panel can be affected by recent food intake, especially triglyceride-related measurements and specimen lipemia. The phlebotomist must not falsely mark the specimen as fasting because that creates inaccurate documentation and can mislead clinical interpretation. Telling the patient to drink water and wait 30 minutes does not restore the required fasting state. Changing the order to another test is outside the phlebotomist's scope; only an authorized provider can change laboratory orders. The proper role is to verify patient preparation, document noncompliance if the draw proceeds, and communicate the issue through the appropriate workflow. Patient preparation is a major preanalytical control point. A technically perfect venipuncture can still produce clinically misleading results if fasting, medication timing, posture, or timing requirements are ignored. Reference topics: Patient Preparation; fasting requirements; patient compliance; requisition review; preanalytical variables.
NEW QUESTION # 81
Which of the following actions should a phlebotomist take after removing gloves?
Answer: B
Explanation:
The phlebotomist should perform hand hygiene after removing gloves. Gloves reduce contamination but do not replace hand hygiene. Hands can become contaminated during glove removal, and gloves may have microscopic defects. Putting used gloves in a lab coat pocket is a contamination hazard. Sanitizing gloves for reuse is incorrect because medical gloves used during patient care are single-use items and should be discarded appropriately. Touching clean supplies immediately after glove removal without hand hygiene can contaminate the clean supply area and spread organisms to future patients. Proper glove workflow includes performing hand hygiene before gloving when indicated, wearing gloves for blood collection, avoiding unnecessary surface contact while gloved, removing gloves without contaminating the hands, discarding them properly, and performing hand hygiene afterward. This question tests routine infection-control behavior. Many healthcare-associated contamination events happen through simple missed hand hygiene after glove removal. Reference topics: Safety and Compliance; hand hygiene; glove removal; standard precautions; contamination prevention.
NEW QUESTION # 82
Using outdated supplies can result in which of the following?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Using outdated supplies can result in specimen rejection because expired collection materials may fail to preserve the specimen correctly or meet laboratory acceptance criteria. Expired evacuated tubes may have inadequate vacuum, degraded additives, compromised sterility, or incorrect blood-to-additive performance. These problems are preanalytical errors, meaning they occur before testing and can make results unreliable. The laboratory may reject the specimen rather than risk reporting inaccurate data. Stat processing refers to urgent priority handling and is unrelated to supply expiration. Postanalytical error occurs after testing, such as reporting or result-delivery mistakes, not from using expired collection supplies during acquisition. Claim rejection is a billing or insurance issue, not a specimen integrity issue. A competent phlebotomist prevents rejection by checking tube expiration dates, inspecting supplies, confirming required specimen type, filling tubes properly, mixing additives correctly, and following transport requirements. NHA CPT processing and routine collection content covers specimen integrity, preanalytical errors, equipment quality control, expiration checks, and recollection when required. Reference topics: Processing Specimens; preanalytical error; specimen rejection; equipment quality control.
NEW QUESTION # 83
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