P.S. TopexamがGoogle Driveで共有している無料かつ新しいL4M2ダンプ：https://drive.google.com/open?id=1jXMVI9lotTCSnUGONupOWJWb004iSFMX
どんなに宣伝しても、あなたの自身体験は一番重要なことです。我々社のTopexamからCIPS L4M2問題集デモを無料にダウンロードできます。多くの受験生は試験に合格できましたのを助けるCIPS L4M2ソフト版問題はあなたの大好きになります。L4M2問題集を使用してから、あんたはIT業界でのエリートになります。
| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Market management in procurement and supply | 20-25% | - Analyse market structures and competition
|
| Topic 2: Use specifications in procurement and supply | 20-25% | - Advantages and limitations of specification types
|
| Topic 3: Devise a business case for requirements sourced externally | 20-25% | - Interpret financial budgets for purchase control
|
| Topic 4: Stakeholder management in defining needs | 15-20% | - Communicate and consult with stakeholders
|
| Topic 5: Legal and regulatory considerations | 10-15% | - Sustainability and ethical requirements
|
どのようにCIPS L4M2試験に準備すると悩んでいますか。我々社のL4M2問題集を参考した後、ほっとしました。弊社のL4M2ソフト版問題集はかねてより多くのIT事業をしている人々は順調にCIPS L4M2資格認定を取得させます。試験にパースする原因は我々問題集の全面的で最新版です。
質問 # 74
A buyer in Housing Authority is considering using performance specification in upcoming social housing project. What should buyer be aware when using this type of specification?
正解：D
解説：
In construction, specifications are written documents that describe the materials and workmanship required for a development. They do not include cost, quantity or drawn information but need to be read alongside other contract documentation such as quantities, schedules and drawings.
Specifications vary considerably depending on the stage to which the design has been developed, ranging from performance (open) specifications that require further design by a contractor or sup-plier, to prescriptive (closed) specifications where the design is already complete when the project is tendered.
Prescriptive specifications give the client more certainty about the end product when they make their final investment decision (i.e. when they appoint the contractor), whereas a performance specification gives the contractor and suppliers more scope to innovate and adopt cost effective methods of work, potentially offering better value for money.
Typically, performance specifications are written on projects that are straight-forward, standard building types, whereas prescriptive specifications are written for more complex buildings, or buildings where the client has requirements that might not be familiar to contractors and where certainty regarding the exact nature of the completed development is more important to the client.
Performance specification has some disadvantages:
- Well-defined performance metrics are needed to ensure that the specified performance will achieve the desired outcome
- Require reliable, practical, economical tests of performance
- Evaluations are subjective and require additional time and effort to complete Therefore, if a performance specification is used, the buying organisation will have to ensure that they are able to define and conduct tests on whether supplier's solution can deliver the desired out-come.
Reference:
- CIPS study guide page 118-121
- Performance specification - Designing Buildings Wiki
- Partnership for Public Procurement (cips.org)
LO 3, AC 3.1
質問 # 75
A procurement team is categorising their purchased items into four quadrants of Kraljic's supply chain portfolio matrix. They realise that there are some low-value items which come from very few suppliers in the market. The organisation is critically dependent on these suppliers. The team plans to reduce the dependence by finding alternative sources. Is this a right course of action?
正解：D
解説：
According to Kraljic portfolio matrix, the low-value items with high supply risk are bottleneck items.
The purchasing strategy that is commonly recommended for these products is primarily based on acceptance of the dependence and reduction of the negative effects of the unfavourable position. An alternative strategy suggested by purchasing practitioners is to find other suppliers and move towards the non-critical quadrant.
- Accept dependence, reduce negative consequences: The main focus of this strategy is to assure supply, if necessary even at additional cost. Examples of this strategy are keeping extra stocks of the materials concerned or developing consigned stock agreements with suppliers. By performing a risk analysis firms can identify the most important bottleneck products and consider the implications. A possible action for dealing with unexpected bad dependence positions for certain products is to employ contingency planning.
- Reduce dependence and risk, find other solutions: This strategy is geared towards reducing the dependence on the supplier. The most common way to achieve this is to broaden the specifications of the product or to search for new suppliers.
The procurement team in the scenario has selected reducing dependency by finding alternatives. This is a right strategy for bottleneck item.
質問 # 76
Which of the following are advantages of zero-based financial budgeting?
Use of previous year figures
Emphasis on short-term planning
Budget treated as flexible
Focus on operational issues
正解：A
解説：
Detailed Explanation:
Zero-based budgeting emphasizes starting from scratch and justifying all expenses.
3 (Budget flexibility): Ensures resources are allocated dynamically based on needs.
4 (Focus on operational issues): Encourages alignment with operational priorities rather than historical trends.
Using prior figures (1) is contrary to zero-based budgeting principles. Reference: CIPS Level 4, Financial Planning and Budgeting.
質問 # 77
A state school has a procurement requirement to buy new art materials for the next school semester and needs to forecast purchases against its restricted budget. What would be the key business requirement in this purchasing decision?
正解：A
質問 # 78
Which of the following content should a performance specification feature? Select TWO that apply.
正解：A、D
質問 # 79
......
L4M2学習教材を世界中に確実に紹介し、幸運とより良い機会を求めるすべての人々が自分の人生の価値を実現できるようにするという大胆な考えを持っています。したがって、L4M2練習問題は、L4M2試験に合格し、より良い未来を勝ち取るのに役立ちます。また、常に先駆的な精神を持ち続け、あなたの道を歩むプロジェクトに積極的に取り組みます。 L4M2トレーニング資料は、その素晴らしい品質のためにあなたを決して失望させません。
L4M2テスト参考書: https://www.topexam.jp/L4M2_shiken.html
2026年Topexamの最新L4M2 PDFダンプおよびL4M2試験エンジンの無料共有：https://drive.google.com/open?id=1jXMVI9lotTCSnUGONupOWJWb004iSFMX