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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Topic 1: Special Collections | - Non-routine specimen collection methods - Capillary puncture (fingerstick/heel stick) - Pediatric and geriatric considerations |
| Topic 2: Routine Blood Collections | - Equipment selection and use - Order of draw - Venipuncture procedures |
| Topic 3: Safety and Compliance | - OSHA regulations and patient safety - Infection control and standard precautions - HIPAA and patient confidentiality |
| Topic 4: Specimen Processing and Handling | - Quality assurance procedures - Common errors and rejection criteria - Specimen transport and storage |
| Topic 5: Patient Preparation | - Site selection and preparation - Specimen labeling procedures - Patient identification and communication |
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NEW QUESTION # 99
Which of the following actions should a phlebotomist take immediately after blood splashes into their eye?
Answer: D
Explanation:
The phlebotomist should immediately flush the eye with water at an eyewash station. Blood exposure to mucous membranes is a bloodborne pathogen exposure incident and requires immediate decontamination before administrative steps. Wiping the eye with gauze is inadequate and can irritate tissue or fail to remove infectious material. Continuing patient collections delays treatment and increases occupational risk. Applying antibiotic ointment is outside the phlebotomist's role and does not replace proper exposure response. After flushing, the phlebotomist must report the incident according to facility policy, complete required documentation, and obtain occupational health follow-up. This may include source-patient evaluation, baseline testing, and post-exposure prophylaxis assessment when indicated. The correct professional sequence is decontaminate first, report immediately, document accurately, and follow the exposure-control plan. This question tests standard precautions, exposure control, OSHA-related safety obligations, and emergency response in the phlebotomy environment. Reference topics: Safety and Compliance; bloodborne pathogen exposure; mucous membrane exposure; eyewash use; incident reporting.
NEW QUESTION # 100
Which of the following collections requires the phlebotomist to discard the first voided specimen and save all subsequent urine for a full day?
Answer: A
Explanation:
A 24-hour urine collection requires the patient to discard the first voided specimen and then save all subsequent urine for the full collection period, including the final void at the ending time. Discarding the first void empties the bladder and establishes the start of the timed interval. A clean-catch urine culture requires cleansing and collecting a midstream specimen in a sterile container, not saving urine for 24 hours. A random urinalysis is collected at a single time and does not require timed accumulation. A sputum culture is a respiratory specimen, not a urine collection. Patient instruction is critical because one missed urine specimen can invalidate the entire 24-hour collection. The phlebotomist should explain start and stop times, storage requirements, preservative hazards if present, labeling, and return instructions. The patient should not change fluid intake unless instructed by the provider. Reference topics: Special Collections; 24-hour urine; patient instructions; non-blood specimens; timed collection.
NEW QUESTION # 101
Which of the following does HIPAA require all health care providers to obtain before disclosing medical information?
Answer: B
Explanation:
HIPAA requires proper written authorization before a covered entity discloses protected health information for purposes that are not otherwise permitted by the Privacy Rule. In the answer choices, "written consent" is the closest required protection because the patient's permission must be documented, specific, and traceable. A driver's license may be used to help verify identity, but it does not authorize disclosure of medical information. Verbal consent is not sufficient for many disclosures because it lacks the required written documentation and specific authorization elements. Insurance authorization relates to payment approval or coverage verification and does not automatically permit broad disclosure of medical information. For phlebotomy practice, HIPAA compliance means discussing patient information only with authorized personnel, limiting information to the minimum necessary, protecting requisitions and labels, and avoiding disclosure in public areas. HHS states that HIPAA authorizations must be written in specific terms and may permit use or disclosure of protected health information. NHA CPT safety and compliance competencies include patient rights, privacy, confidentiality, HIPAA, and legal responsibilities. Reference topics: Safety and Compliance; HIPAA; confidentiality; protected health information.
NEW QUESTION # 102
A phlebotomist discovers that they obtained a specimen in an expired additive tube. Which of the following actions should the technician take?
Answer: B
Explanation:
The specimen must be redrawn in an unexpired tube. Expired additive tubes cannot be trusted because the vacuum, sterility, additive concentration, stopper integrity, and chemical performance may be compromised. Once blood has been collected into an expired additive tube, the specimen is already affected by that collection environment; transferring it into another tube does not correct the original exposure and can introduce additional hemolysis, contamination, clotting, or additive-ratio errors. Placing the specimen on ice does not reverse an expired additive problem. Submitting the specimen because the tube is "within 30 days" of expiration is unsafe; expired means expired, and laboratory acceptance criteria are based on valid collection supplies. This is a preventable preanalytical error, and the phlebotomist should also remove expired supplies from use to prevent recurrence. Tube expiration checks must occur before collection, not after the draw. Reference topics: Processing Specimens; preanalytical error; expired supplies; specimen rejection; tube quality control; recollection procedures.
NEW QUESTION # 103
Which of the following should a phlebotomist review on a requisition prior to collection for an outpatient draw?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Before collecting an outpatient specimen, the phlebotomist must review the requisition to confirm what test is ordered and what specimen requirements apply. Specimen requirements include tube type, additive, minimum volume, handling conditions, fasting status, timing, temperature, light protection, and whether the specimen requires special processing or transport. This step prevents preanalytical errors such as collecting the wrong tube, insufficient volume, wrong timing, or improperly handled specimens. Medications and allergies can be clinically relevant during patient interview, but they are not the primary item reviewed on the requisition for collection accuracy unless the test requirement specifically involves medication timing or patient compliance. Insurance authorization is administrative and should not drive the technical collection step. The requisition is the controlling document for collection, because it links patient identification, ordering provider, diagnosis or test code, test priority, and ordered tests. The NHA CPT outline includes obtaining, reviewing, and verifying orders or requisitions, confirming testing requirements, and understanding requisition field requirements. Reference topics: Patient Preparation; requisition review; testing requirements; specimen requirements; outpatient collection workflow.
NEW QUESTION # 104
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