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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Topic 1: Understand the interpersonal skills required for effective negotiation | - Analyze the interpersonal skills required for effective negotiation
|
| Topic 2: Understand the stages of commercial negotiations in procurement and supply | - Analyze the types of approaches that can be pursued in commercial negotiations
|
| Topic 3: Understand how to prepare for negotiations in procurement and supply | - Understand how to prepare for a negotiation
|
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NEW QUESTION # 108
Which of the following can be prepared before a negotiation with a supplier to achieve an agreement to benefit both parties?
Zone of potential agreement
Attendee list for the negotiation talks
Walk-away point
Venue for the negotiation talks
Answer: D
Explanation:
Zone of Potential Agreement (1) and Walk-away point (3) are key elements in negotiation planning.
Establishing a Zone of Potential Agreement helps identify where interests align, while the Walk-away point sets the limit of acceptable terms. Both are essential to preparing a negotiation framework that benefits both parties, as per CIPS best practices.
NEW QUESTION # 109
Which of the following are examples of connected stakeholders in a private organisation? Select TWO that apply.
Answer: A,D
Explanation:
Connected stakeholders are those who, by contractual or commercial relationships, have a significant stake in organisation activity. As a general rule, connectedstakeholder (with the exception of suppliers) have a low level of influence on procurement negotiations.
Examples of connected stakeholders are: suppliers, customers, bank where the organisation opens its account, shareholders.
NEW QUESTION # 110
All of the following shift the supply of watchesto the right except...?
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation
A supply curve will slope upward from left to right showing more supply at higher prices, as illustrated in the graph below:
A picture containing chart Description automatically generated
A movement along the supply curve will be brought about by a change in price, but a shift of the whole curve will be caused by a determinant other than price:
- The physical feasibility and time and energy required to produce the products
- Technology and innovation
- The objectives of the producers and their future expectations
- Prices of other goodsand services
- Government's policies
LO 2, AC 2.2
NEW QUESTION # 111
JCB is a large manufacturer of heavy machinery. The CPO is going to a negotiation with a Chinese supplier about procuring some major components. He is wondering about balance of power in the negotiation. Which of the following micro factors are most likely to shift the balance of power towards the buying organisation in this commercial negotiation? Select TWO that apply
Answer: A,C
Explanation:
There are many factors that can influence the balance of power in a negotiation. These factors are classified into 3 levels:
- Macro level: STEEPLE framework: social, technological, economic, environment, political, legal and ethical
- Micro level: Porter's five forces:
Diagram Description automatically generated
- One-to-one buyer-supplier dynamics.
The question asks about the micro factors that increases buyer's bargaining power. Among 5 answers, only 2 are likely to increase buyer's power:
- JCB's switching costs are low: Buyer may easily switch its suppliers anytime
- These components are highly standardised: The products are not different any more, buyer may choose to buy from any supplier available.
Other answers cannot be correct because:
- Suppliers are more concentrated than buyer: Suppliers are forming oligopoly market, their bargaining power tend to be greater.
- Eruption of epidemic in supply market: this is a macro factor. Eruption of epidemic may cause factories closed and disruptions on supply chain.
- Buyers purchase in small volumes: Buyer will be seen as less potential to suppliers. Buying organisation may have difficulties to deal better price with suppliers.
LO 1, AC 1.3
NEW QUESTION # 112
Which of the following should be adopted to minimise the conflict between parties in commercial negotiation?
Answer: D
Explanation:
Ground rules are the basic rules for doing something (Cambridge Dictionary). A negotiation goes more smoothly if ground rules are adopted. Then if something goes awry at a later time, you can point out the ground rule that has been violated.Procurement professional should seek to minimise conflict over process through agreeing 'ground rules' and approach as far as possible with the other party in advance of any negotiation meetings.
There should be two sets of ground rules: 1) groundrules for the negotiations between the two parties and 2) ground rules for the negotiating team itself. This article is about the negotiating team ground rules.
The rule of law is the condition in which all members of society, including its political leaders, accept the authority of the law.
Ground zero describes the point on the Earth's surface closest to a nuclear detonation. In the case of an explosion above the ground, ground zero refers to the point on the ground directly below the nuclear detonation.
The Ground Beam is the beam which is provided usually at the foundation level to support building walls, joists, etc.
NEW QUESTION # 113
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