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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Container Orchestration | 22% | - Security & Troubleshooting
|
| Cloud Native Application Delivery | 8% | - Deployment Strategies
|
| Cloud Native Observability | 8% | - Logging & Tracing
|
| Cloud Native Architecture | 16% | - Ecosystem & Landscape
|
| Kubernetes Fundamentals | 46% | - Containerization Basics
|
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NEW QUESTION # 27
You are setting up a new Kubernetes cluster and need to configure a network policy that allows traff... This content requires a subscription.
Answer: C
Explanation:
Option 'A' is the correct choice- It defines a network policy that allows traffic from Pods within the same namespace by using an empty •podSelectof _ Options 'B', 'D' and 'E' all define policies that either allow traffic from specific namespaces or from specific IP ranges, which are not suitable for this scenario.
NEW QUESTION # 28
What is the role of a NetworkPolicy in Kubernetes?
Answer: B
Explanation:
A Kubernetes NetworkPolicy defines which traffic is allowed to and from Pods by selecting Pods and specifying ingress/egress rules. A key conceptual effect is that it can make Pods "isolated" (default deny except what is allowed) versus "non-isolated" (default allow). This aligns best with option B, so B is correct.
By default, Kubernetes networking is permissive: Pods can typically talk to any other Pod. When you apply a NetworkPolicy that selects a set of Pods, those selected Pods become "isolated" for the direction(s) covered by the policy (ingress and/or egress). That means only traffic explicitly allowed by the policy is permitted; everything else is denied (again, for the selected Pods and direction). This classification concept-isolated vs non-isolated-is a common way the Kubernetes documentation explains NetworkPolicy behavior.
Option A is incorrect: NetworkPolicy does not encrypt ("cryptic and obscure") traffic. Encryption is typically handled by mTLS via a service mesh or application-layer TLS. Option C is not the primary role; loopback and host traffic handling depend on the network plugin and node configuration, and NetworkPolicy is not a "prevent loopback" mechanism. Option D is incorrect because NetworkPolicy is not a logging system; while some CNIs can produce logs about policy decisions, logging is not NetworkPolicy's role in the API.
One critical Kubernetes detail: NetworkPolicy enforcement is performed by the CNI/network plugin. If your CNI doesn't implement NetworkPolicy, creating these objects won't change runtime traffic. In CNIs that do support it, NetworkPolicy becomes a foundational security primitive for segmentation and least privilege: restricting database access to app Pods only, isolating namespaces, and reducing lateral movement risk.
So, in the language of the provided answers, NetworkPolicy's role is best captured as the ability to classify Pods into isolated/non-isolated by applying traffic-allow rules-option B.
NEW QUESTION # 29
You are troubleshooting a performance issue with an application running in a Kubernetes cluster. You have access to Prometheus and Jaeger, but the Jaeger Ul shows that a specific request took an unusually long time to process. Which metric in Prometheus can help you identify the specific component or service within the application that caused the delay?
Answer: A
Explanation:
The correct answer is E . The metric 'http_request_duration_seconds* is typically used to track the time taken for HTTP requests to be processed. In this case, by looking at the 'http_request_duration_seconds' metric for the specific request identified in Jaeger, you can see the duration of each stage of the request processing. This can pinpoint the specific component or service where the delay occurred. The other options are not relevant to identifying the specific component or service causing the delay: A : Shows CPU resource requests for a pod. B : Shows the pod's phase. C : Shows the number of replicas in a deployment. D : Shows the restart count for a pod's containers. These metrics do not provide information about the processing time of individual requests.
NEW QUESTION # 30
What is the default value for authorization-mode in Kubernetes API server?
Answer: A
Explanation:
The Kubernetes API server supports multiple authorization modes that determine whether an authenticated request is allowed to perform an action (verb) on a resource. Historically, the API server's default authorization mode was AlwaysAllow, meaning that once a request was authenticated, it would be authorized without further checks. That is why the correct answer here is B.
However, it's crucial to distinguish "default flag value" from "recommended configuration." In production clusters, running with AlwaysAllow is insecure because it effectively removes authorization controls-any authenticated user (or component credential) could do anything the API permits. Modern Kubernetes best practices strongly recommend enabling RBAC (Role-Based Access Control), often alongside Node and Webhook authorization, so that permissions are granted explicitly using Roles/ClusterRoles and RoleBindings
/ClusterRoleBindings. Many managed Kubernetes distributions and kubeadm-based setups commonly enable RBAC by default as part of cluster bootstrap profiles, even if the API server's historical default flag value is AlwaysAllow.
So, the exam-style interpretation of this question is about the API server flag default, not what most real clusters should run. With RBAC enabled, authorization becomes granular: you can control who can read Secrets, who can create Deployments, who can exec into Pods, and so on, scoped to namespaces or cluster- wide. ABAC (Attribute-Based Access Control) exists but is generally discouraged compared to RBAC because it relies on policy files and is less ergonomic and less commonly used. AlwaysDeny is useful for hard lockdown testing but not for normal clusters.
In short: AlwaysAllow is the API server's default mode (answer B), but RBAC is the secure, recommended choice you should expect to see enabled in almost any serious Kubernetes environment.
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NEW QUESTION # 31
What is the main purpose of the Ingress in Kubernetes?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Ingress in Kubernetes manages external access to HTTP and HTTPS services in the cluster, routing traffic based on URL paths or hostnames.
NEW QUESTION # 32
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