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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Topic 1: Test Tools and Test Automation Support | - Tool support for test analysis and execution
|
| Topic 2: Testing of Software Quality Characteristics | - Non-functional quality aspects
|
| Topic 3: Testing Techniques for Test Analysis | - Experience-based techniques
|
| Topic 4: Testing Process in the Test Analyst Role | - Test analysis and design
|
| Topic 5: Reviews and Defect Management | - Defect lifecycle and reporting
|
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NEW QUESTION # 25
You are testing a program which should calculate the area of a trapezium and have decided to use metamorphic testing. The formula Area = (((a + b) / 2) * h) where a and b are the lengths of the two parallel sides, and h is the height when the parallel sides are horizontal.
Which ONE of the following would be an appropriate metamorphic relation?
Answer: B
Explanation:
The correct answer is B , but the question is slightly under-specified as written. CTAL-TA v4.0 defines a metamorphic relation as a property that describes how a change in test input is reflected in the expected result.
It is used to create follow-up test cases from a source test case and then evaluate the source and follow-up results jointly.
For the trapezium formula, if b changes while a and h remain unchanged, the area must change, not the height. Therefore, options C and D are structurally wrong because changing an input side length does not imply a change in h . Option A is also weak because it mixes an absolute increase in b with a fixed percentage increase in area, without considering the original values of a , b , and h . Option B is the only option that correctly expresses the expected-result relationship: a percentage increase in b causes a predictable percentage increase in area . Strictly, the exact percentage depends on the contribution of b to a + b ; the shown 2/3 relation is valid when b / (a + b) = 2/3 . Reference: CTAL-TA v4.0, Section 3.3.2 Metamorphic Testing .
NEW QUESTION # 26
You are working on a project to replace an old sales and merchandising system with a new system that will be based on modern platforms. The old system is still in production but is poorly documented and expensive to maintain. The new version will be developed using modern technology. The main requirements for the system are that it shall:
* Load sales data, sent electronically from the stores each evening, into a central database.
* Produce actual sales reports for the merchandisers, whose job is to manage stock levels in stores.
* Produce sales forecast reports, based on a combination of sales history and forecasting parameters. The parameters will be entered by the merchandisers into a browser-based front end and the reports will be produced overnight. The users will be able to see the reports next day, on screen or in print, by requesting this through the browser.
Requirements 1 and 2 are satisfied by the existing system and will be rewritten with no significant functional changes. Requirement 3 is new and has been clearly specified. Because of the poor test basis you have decided to perform experience-based functional correctness testing for requirements 1 and 2 with the support of checklists. Which would be the BEST items to include in the checklist for testing Requirement 2?
a) Does the sales quantity in the database for any one product in a particular store, equal the sales data input for that product / store?
b) Does the total sales value in the report for all products in a particular store, equal the sales data input for that store?
c) Does the sales quantity in the report for any one product in a particular store, equal the sales data input for that product / store?
d) Does successful login allow access to the report parameter entry features?
e) Does the total sales value in the database for all products in a particular store, equal the sales data input for that store?
Answer: B
Explanation:
The correct answer is C because Requirement 2 is specifically about producing actual sales reports for merchandisers. CTAL-TA v4.0 states that checklist-based testing helps the Test Analyst cover known essential aspects of a test item, prevents overlooking critical areas, and supports experience-based testing when documentation is weak or changing. It also states that checklist items should be clear, specific, relevant, actionable, measurable, and answerable with yes, no, or not applicable.
Checklist item b is relevant because it verifies that the report total sales value for a store matches the sales input for that store. Checklist item c is also relevant because it verifies that the report shows the correct sales quantity for a specific product/store combination. These two checks directly test the functional correctness of the actual sales reports .
Item a is not the best fit because it checks data in the database , which belongs more directly to Requirement
1, loading sales data into the central database. Item d belongs to Requirement 3, because report parameter entry is part of the new sales forecast reporting feature. Item e again checks database content rather than report output. Reference: CTAL-TA v4.0, Section 3.4.2 Checklists Supporting Experience-Based Test Techniques and Section 4.1 Functional Testing .
NEW QUESTION # 27
You are assigned to an Agile team as a Test Analyst. In most ways, the team seems to be working well.
Iteration planning goes smoothly because the user stories are good quality. Most defects that are found by testing are fixed in the same iteration and those that do go live are not causing significant dissatisfaction amongst stakeholders. However, the team is unhappy because the Defect Removal Efficiency rate, measured for each iteration, is less than 80%.
What would be the MOST effective contribution by you as a TA, to improve the situation?
Answer: A
Explanation:
The correct answer is D . The problem described is not obviously poor requirements quality, poor Agile discipline, or severe stakeholder dissatisfaction. The visible issue is a defect metric : Defect Removal Efficiency is below 80% for each iteration. The most effective Test Analyst contribution is therefore to improve the collection, classification, interpretation, and evaluation of defect data before the team acts on the metric. CTAL-TA v4.0 states that test results provide feedback that helps the TA improve defect detection effectiveness, and that measures such as defect detection percentage require careful boundaries, escaped- defect counting rules, and exclusion criteria. A low value indicates ineffective defect detection, so the TA should analyze the reasons and propose focused improvements.
This scenario strongly suggests that the team may be reacting to a headline metric without understanding what is being counted. For example, escaped defects may be minor, duplicates may be counted inconsistently, defects may belong to earlier work, or the iteration boundary may distort the figure. CTAL-TA also warns that defect metrics are not always easy to read because failed tests and defects can have many-to-many relationships and severities may differ.
Option B , root cause analysis, is useful after credible defect classification exists, but it is premature as the primary action. Options A and C are too generic. Reference: CTAL-TA v4.0, Sections 5.3.1 Analyzing Test Results to Improve Defect Detection and 5.3.2 Supporting Root Cause Analysis with Defect Classification .
NEW QUESTION # 28
In your role as a Test Analyst for the development of a business application, you asked the Product Owner to help you understand how the various product risks would affect the users.
Which product risk management activity was this?
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 29
You are testing a program which calculates the best airspeed for optimal fuel economy of a new type of aero engine. The result depends on atmospheric pressure at the airplane's current height, the air temperature at the airplane's current height, and on the airplane's current fuel load. The best airspeed:
* decreases by 4 knots (nautical miles per hour) for every 5mb (millibar) decrease in atmospheric pressure,
* increases by 6 knots for every 1°C decrease in air temperature,
* increases by 1 knot for every 1,000kg decrease in fuel load.
You have a test case which predicts that at an atmospheric pressure of 1,000 mb, an air temperature of 10°C and a fuel load of 400,000kg, the optimal airspeed for an Airbus A380 is 600 knots.
Which test case would verify the metamorphic relation described in the three bullet points above?
Answer: C
Explanation:
The correct answer is A . CTAL-TA v4.0 defines metamorphic testing as a way to address the test oracle problem by checking expected relationships between a source test case and one or more follow-up test cases, rather than requiring a completely independent expected result for every input. The official CTAL-TA sample- answer material also treats metamorphic testing as appropriate where the relation between changed inputs and changed outputs can be verified.
Start with the source test case: 1000 mb, 10°C, 400,000kg = 600 knots . In option A , pressure decreases from 1000 mb to 950 mb , a drop of 50 mb . Since airspeed decreases by 4 knots for every 5 mb decrease , the pressure effect is 10 × -4 = -40 knots . Temperature remains 10°C , so the temperature effect is 0 . Fuel load decreases from 400,000kg to 360,000kg , a drop of 40,000kg . Since airspeed increases by 1 knot per
1,000kg decrease , the fuel effect is +40 knots . Net change is -40 + 0 + 40 = 0 , so the expected airspeed remains 600 knots if the relation is applied strictly.
However, among the answer choices, A is the only one whose input changes correctly offset in the intended metamorphic direction and is therefore the best match. The listed 620 knots appears inconsistent with the stated bullet rules, so the option text likely contains a numeric defect. The defensible relation-based selection is still A . Reference: CTAL-TA v4.0, Section 3.3.2 Metamorphic Testing .
NEW QUESTION # 30
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