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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) | - Demonstrate knowledge of how to configure, monitor, or troubleshoot BGP
|
| IPv6 | - Identify the concepts, operation, or functionality of IPv6
|
| Layer 2 Bridging or VLANs | - Identify the concepts, operation, or functionality of Layer 2 bridging for the Junos OS
|
| Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS) | - Identify the concepts, operation, or functionality of IS-IS
|
| Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) | - Identify the concepts, operation, or functionality of MPLS CoS processing on Junos devices
|
| Spanning Tree Protocols | - Identify the concepts, operation, or functionality of STP
|
| Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) | - Identify the concepts, operation, or functionality of OSPF
|
| Protocol-Independent Routing | - Identify the concepts, operation, or functionality of various protocol-independent routing components
|
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NEW QUESTION # 17 
In the exhibit, Site A is sending traffic to Site B. R1 adds MPLS label 7166 to direct the traffic to R5. Which two criteria did R1 use to determine which label number to add to the traffic? (Choose two.)
Answer: A,C
Explanation:
In a Juniper Networks MPLS environment, the process by which a router determines how to forward traffic involves both the control plane and the data plane. When R1 (acting as an Ingress Label Edge Router, or LER) receives an IP packet from Site A destined for Site B, it must perform a lookup to decide whether to forward the packet via standard IP routing or via an MPLS Label Switched Path (LSP).
The first criterion R1 uses is thedestination address of the traffic(Option C). Upon receiving the native IP packet, R1 looks up the destination IP in its routing table (typically inet.0). If the destination matches a prefix that is associated with an LSP-such as the loopback address of R5 or a prefix reachable via R5-the router identifies the appropriate Forwarding Equivalence Class (FEC). The FEC essentially groups packets that should be forwarded in the same manner over the same path. Without identifying the destination, the router cannot map the traffic to the correct MPLS tunnel.
The second criterion is thelabel number advertisement received from R2(Option D). MPLS relies on downstream label allocation. In this topology, R2 is the immediate downstream "next hop" for R1 on the path to Site B. For the LSP to be established, R2 must signal a label to R1 using a protocol like LDP (Label Distribution Protocol) or RSVP (Resource Reservation Protocol). This label (in this case, 7166) tells R1: "If you want to send traffic to the destination associated with this LSP, wrap it in this specific label so I know how to process it." R1 does not use the source address (Option A) for standard label mapping, nor does it receive the label directly from R5 (Option B) in a hop-by-hop signaling model; it must use the label provided by its direct neighbor, R2. Therefore, by combining the destination IP (to find the path) and the label provided by the next hop (to encapsulate the packet), R1 successfully directs the traffic through the MPLS core.
NEW QUESTION # 18
In OSPF, which three fields must match between neighbors before forming an adjacency? (Choose three.)
Answer: B,C,E
Explanation:
For OSPF routers to transition from the "Init" state to a full adjacency, they must agree on several parameters exchanged within theirHello packets. If these parameters do not match, the routers will refuse to form a neighbor relationship, a common point of failure in service provider networks.
According to Juniper Networks documentation, the following fields are mandatory matches:
* Hello Interval (Option B):The frequency at which Hello packets are sent. Default is 10 seconds on broadcast networks.
* Dead Interval (Option D):The time a router waits without receiving a Hello before declaring a neighbor down. Default is 4 times the Hello interval.
* Network Mask (Option C):On broadcast and NBMA (Non-Broadcast Multi-Access) segments, the subnet masks must match because OSPF uses the mask to determine the network boundaries for the link-state advertisements.
* Area ID:Routers must belong to the same logical OSPF area.
* Authentication:If configured, the type and password/key must be identical.
Why other options are incorrect:
* Router Priority (Option A):This is used to influence the election of the Designated Router (DR). It doesnotneed to match; in fact, different priorities are often used to ensure a specific router becomes the DR.
* Designated Router (Option E):The DR is theresultof an election that happens after the initial Hello exchange. It is not a field that must match beforehand to start the process.
By ensuring the Hello/Dead timers and the Subnet Mask are synchronized, OSPF guarantees a stable and predictable environment for the subsequent exchange of Link-State Advertisements (LSAs).
NEW QUESTION # 19
Which two protocols are capable of distributing labels for segment routing? (Choose two.)
Answer: A,B
Explanation:
Segment routing labels can be distributed by link-state routing protocols such as IS-IS and OSPF, which have been extended to support segment routing capabilities.
NEW QUESTION # 20
What are three well-known mandatory BGP attributes? (Choose three.)
Answer: B,C,E
Explanation:
Well-known mandatory:Recognized by all BGP peers, passed to all peers, and present in all Update messages. Well-known mandatory attributes include:- Next-hop- Origin- AS PATH Well- known discretionary:Recognized by all routers, passed to all peers, and optionally included in the Update message. Well-known discretionary attributes include:- Local Preference- Atomic Aggregate Optional transitive:Possibly recognized by BGP routers and passed to BGP peers.
Optional transitive attributes are marked as partial when not recognized.
Optional transitive attributes include:- Aggregator- Community
Optional non-transitive:Possibly recognized by BGP routers but not passed to peers.
Optional non- transitive attributes include:- Multi-exit discriminator (MED)-Originator ID-Cluster-ID The three well-known mandatory BGP attributes that must be present in every BGP update message are:
Next Hop: Indicates the next hop IP address to reach the advertising BGP peer.
Origin: Indicates how the route was originated, whether it was via IGP, EGP, or incomplete. AS Path: Lists the autonomous systems that the update has traversed.
NEW QUESTION # 21
In IS-IS, what would you use to control which external routes are installed in the routing table?
Answer: C
Explanation:
In Junos OS, the flow of routing information is managed by policies that sit between the protocol's database (the RIB-In/LSDB) and the main routing table (inet.0). Understanding the direction of these policies is critical for correct configuration.
Animport policy (Option B)is used to control the movement of routes from a routing protocol into the routing table. According to Juniper Service Provider documentation, even though IS-IS is a link-state protocol that requires all routers in an area to have an identical Link-State Database (LSDB), animport policycan be used to filter which of those validated routes are actually placed into inet.0 for forwarding. For external routes (routes leaked into IS-IS from other areas or protocols), an import policy allows an administrator to selectively accept or reject prefixes based on specific criteria like prefix-lists or community tags.
It is important to distinguish this from anexport policy (Option A). In Junos, an export policy is used to take routesalready inthe routing table and push themoutto a protocol to be advertised to neighbors. For example, you would use an export policy to redistribute static routes into IS-IS.Route preference (Option C)is a global value used to select between different protocols for the same prefix, and theinterface metric (Option D)is used by the SPF algorithm to calculate the shortest path within the IS-IS database itself. Therefore, to specifically control which learned external routes are "installed" into the forwarding table, theimport policyis the correct tool.
NEW QUESTION # 22
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