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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Establishment of the risk management framework | |
| Initiation of the risk management process and risk assessment | - Risk identification - Risk evaluation - Risk analysis |
| Risk treatment, risk recording and reporting | - Risk reporting - Risk treatment methods - Risk recording |
| Fundamental principles and concepts of risk management | |
| Risk monitoring, review, communication, and consultation | - Communication and consultation - Risk review - Risk monitoring |
>> ISO-31000-Lead-Risk-Manager자격증공부 <<
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질문 # 37
A risk manager wants to improve organizational resilience by embedding climate-related considerations into performance measures, while also fostering open communication about risks across all levels of the organization. Which of the following practices are they considering?
정답：A
설명：
The correct answer is B. Integration of sustainability and promotion of risk culture. ISO 31000 emphasizes that risk management should be integrated into organizational activities, including performance management, decision-making, and strategic planning. Embedding climate-related considerations into performance measures reflects the integration of sustainability-related risks into the organization's risk management and performance framework.
At the same time, fostering open communication about risks across all organizational levels aligns with the development and promotion of a positive risk culture, which ISO 31000 identifies as a key enabler of effective risk management. A strong risk culture encourages transparency, awareness, and proactive engagement with risk, supporting resilience and informed decision-making.
Option A focuses on learning and collaboration, which are important but do not directly address sustainability integration and risk culture. Option C emphasizes technology and compliance, which are supporting elements but not the core practices described. Option D refers to specific risk treatment options rather than organizational practices aimed at resilience.
From a PECB ISO 31000 Lead Risk Manager perspective, integrating sustainability considerations and promoting a strong risk culture enhances the organization's ability to anticipate, respond to, and adapt to evolving risks such as climate change. Therefore, the correct answer is integration of sustainability and promotion of risk culture.
질문 # 38
Scenario 1:
Gospeed Ltd. is a trucking and logistics company headquartered in Birmingham, UK, specializing in domestic and EU road haulage. Operating a fleet of 25 trucks for both heavy loads and express deliveries, it provides transport services for packaged goods, textiles, iron, and steel. Recently, the company has faced challenges, including stricter EU regulations, customs delays, driver shortages, and supply chain disruptions. Most critically, limited and unreliable information has created uncertainty in anticipating delays, equipment failures, or regulatory changes, complicating decision-making.
To address these issues and strengthen resilience, Gospeed's top management decided to implement a risk management framework and apply a risk management process aligned with ISO 31000 guidelines. Considering the importance of stakeholders' perspectives when initiating the implementation of the risk management framework, top management brought together all relevant stakeholders to evaluate potential risks and ensure alignment of risk management efforts with the company's strategic objectives. The top management outlined the general level and types of risks it was prepared to take to pursue opportunities, while also clarifying which risks would not be acceptable under any circumstances. They accepted moderate financial risks, such as fuel price fluctuations or minor delays, but ruled out compromising safety or breaching regulations.
As part of the risk management process, the company moved from setting its overall direction to a closer examination of potential exposures, ensuring that identified risks were systematically analyzed, evaluated, and treated. Top management examined the main operational factors that significantly influence the likelihood and impact of risks. This analysis highlighted concerns related to supply chain disruptions, technological failures, and human errors.
Additionally, Gospeed's top management identified several external risks beyond their control, including interest rate changes, currency fluctuations, inflation trends, and new regulatory requirements. Consequently, top management agreed to adopt practical strategies to protect the company's financial stability and operations, including hedging against interest rate fluctuations, monitoring inflation, and ensuring compliance through staff training sessions.
However, other challenges emerged when top management pushed forward with a new contract for international deliveries without fully considering risk implications at the planning stage. Operational staff raised concerns about unreliable customs data and potential delays, but their input was overlooked in the rush to secure the deal. This resulted in delivery setbacks and financial penalties, revealing weaknesses in how risks were incorporated into day-to-day decision-making.
Based on the scenario above, answer the following question:
Which risk management principle did Gospeed's top management violate, resulting in delivery delays and financial penalties? Refer to Scenario 1.
정답：C
설명：
The correct answer is B. Inclusive. ISO 31000:2018 identifies inclusiveness as a key principle of effective risk management. This principle requires appropriate and timely involvement of relevant stakeholders to ensure their knowledge, views, and perceptions are considered when managing risk. Inclusive risk management improves awareness, supports informed decision-making, and enhances ownership of risk responses.
In the scenario, Gospeed's top management failed to adequately consider input from operational staff when pursuing a new international delivery contract. Despite staff raising concerns about unreliable customs data and potential delays, their feedback was ignored in the rush to secure the deal. This directly contradicts the inclusiveness principle outlined in ISO 31000, which emphasizes that stakeholder engagement should occur at all stages of the risk management process, particularly when decisions have operational implications.
The consequence of this failure was delivery delays and financial penalties, demonstrating how excluding key stakeholders weakens risk identification, analysis, and treatment. While integration is also an important ISO 31000 principle, the issue described is not the absence of risk management from organizational processes, but rather the exclusion of relevant stakeholders from decision-making.
Continual improvement relates to learning and enhancing the risk management framework over time, which is not the primary failure described. The dynamic principle concerns responding to change and emerging risks, whereas the core issue here was ignoring available knowledge.
From a PECB ISO 31000 Lead Risk Manager perspective, the scenario clearly illustrates a violation of the inclusive principle, making option B the correct answer.
질문 # 39
What is one of the limitations of the Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) technique?
정답：D
설명：
The correct answer is B. It can only be used to identify single failure modes and can become time-consuming and complex for multi-layered systems. FMEA is a structured technique used to identify potential failure modes, their causes, and effects. While powerful, it has known limitations, particularly when applied to complex systems with many interdependencies.
FMEA typically examines failure modes one at a time, which makes it less effective at capturing interactions between multiple failures or system-wide cascading effects. As system complexity increases, FMEA can become resource-intensive and time-consuming, requiring extensive effort to analyze all components and failure scenarios.
Option A is incorrect because FMEA can be quantitative or semi-quantitative and is often used to rank risks using severity, occurrence, and detection ratings. Option C is incorrect, as FMEA is widely used in technical and engineering contexts. Option D is incorrect because FMEA explicitly analyzes the effects and consequences of failures.
From a PECB ISO 31000 Lead Risk Manager perspective, understanding the limitations of risk assessment techniques is essential for selecting appropriate tools. FMEA is valuable but should be complemented with other techniques when dealing with complex or highly interconnected systems. Therefore, the correct answer is option B.
질문 # 40
Which of the following is an example of an internal stakeholder?
정답：D
설명：
The correct answer is C. Managers reporting and escalating risks within the organization. ISO 31000 defines stakeholders as persons or organizations that can affect, be affected by, or perceive themselves to be affected by a decision or activity. Stakeholders can be internal or external, depending on their relationship with the organization.
Internal stakeholders are individuals or groups within the organization, such as employees, managers, executives, and internal committees. In the scenario provided, managers who report and escalate risks are clearly internal stakeholders, as they are directly involved in organizational processes and decision-making.
Option A, shareholders, are typically considered external stakeholders, as they are not involved in daily operations, even though they have a strong interest in performance. Option B, customers, are also external stakeholders concerned with outputs rather than internal processes. Option D, regulators, are external stakeholders representing legal and regulatory interests.
ISO 31000 emphasizes the importance of inclusiveness, requiring organizations to involve both internal and external stakeholders appropriately. Internal stakeholders play a critical role in risk identification, analysis, reporting, and treatment because of their proximity to operations and decision-making.
From a PECB ISO 31000 Lead Risk Manager perspective, correctly identifying internal stakeholders supports effective communication, accountability, and integration of risk management into everyday activities.
질문 # 41
In the COSO ERM framework, which component focuses on assessing how risks affect the achievement of goals and applying measures to stay aligned with them?
정답：C
설명：
The correct answer is B. Performance. In the COSO ERM framework, the Performance component focuses on identifying, assessing, prioritizing, and responding to risks that may affect the achievement of an organization's objectives. This component ensures that risks are understood in terms of their severity and impact on performance and that appropriate risk responses are applied to keep the organization aligned with its goals.
The Performance component includes activities such as identifying risks, assessing their likelihood and impact, prioritizing risks, and implementing risk responses. This aligns closely with ISO 31000's risk management process, particularly the steps of risk identification, risk analysis, risk evaluation, and risk treatment. Both frameworks emphasize that understanding how risks influence objectives is essential for informed decision-making and value creation.
Option A, Review and revision, focuses on evaluating how well the enterprise risk management system is functioning over time and identifying areas for improvement. While important, it does not primarily address the assessment of how risks affect objective achievement.
Option C, Strategy and objective-setting, relates to defining strategic objectives and considering risk when setting those objectives, but it does not focus on ongoing risk assessment and response.
Option D, Governance and culture, concerns oversight, ethical values, and risk culture, not the operational assessment of risk impacts on goals.
From a PECB ISO 31000 Lead Risk Manager perspective, understanding COSO ERM's Performance component reinforces the ISO 31000 principle that risk management must be integrated into performance management and decision-making. Therefore, the correct answer is Performance.
질문 # 42
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