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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Topic 1: Information Security Management System (ISMS) based on ISO/IEC 27001 | - ISO/IEC 27001 requirements (Clauses 4–10)
|
| Topic 2: Conducting an Audit | - Audit execution
|
| Topic 3: Closing the Audit | - Audit reporting and follow-up
|
| Topic 4: Planning and Initiating an Audit | - Audit program and planning activities
|
| Topic 5: Fundamentals of Information Security Auditing | - Audit principles based on ISO 19011
|
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質問 # 417
您正在一家提供醫療保健服務的住宅療養院進行 ISMS 審核。審核計畫的下一步是驗證資訊安全事件管理流程。 IT 安全經理提出了資訊安全事件管理程序（文件參考 ID：ISMS_L2_16，版本 4）。
您查看該文件並注意到一條聲明「任何資訊安全弱點、事件和事故應在識別後 1 小時內報告給聯絡人 (PoC)」。在訪問員工時，您發現大家對「弱點、事件、事件」這幾個詞的含義理解有差異。
IT安全經理解釋說，6個月前舉辦了一次線上「資訊安全應對」培訓研討會。所有受訪的人都參加並通過了報告練習和課程評估。
您想進一步調查其他領域以收集更多審計證據。選擇三個不是有效審計追蹤的選項。
正解：D、E、G
解説：
The three options that would not be valid audit trails are:
*Collect more evidence on how the organisation manages the Point of Contact (PoC) which monitors vulnerabilities. (Relevant to clause 8.1)
*Collect more evidence on whether terms and definitions are contained in the information security policy.
(Relevant to control 5.32)
*Collect more evidence to determine if ISO 27035 (Information security incident management) is used as internal audit criteria. (Relevant to clause 8.13) These options are not valid audit trails because they are not directly related to the information security incident management process, which is the focus of the audit. The audit trails should be relevant to the objectives, scope, and criteria of the audit, and should provide sufficient and reliable evidence to support the audit findings and conclusions1.
Option E is not valid because the PoC is not a part of the information security incident management process, but rather a role that is responsible for reporting and escalating information security incidents to the appropriate authorities2. The audit trail should focus on how the PoC performs this function, not how the organisation manages the PoC.
Option G is not valid because the terms and definitions are not a part of the information security incident management process, but rather a part of the information security policy, which is a high-level document that defines the organisation's information security objectives, principles, and responsibilities3. The audit trail should focus on how the information security policy is communicated, implemented, and reviewed, not whether it contains terms and definitions.
Option H is not valid because ISO 27035 is not a part of the information security incident management process, but rather a guidance document that provides best practices for managing information security incidents4. The audit trail should focus on how the organisation follows the requirements of ISO/IEC 27001:
2022 for information security incident management, not whether it uses ISO 27035 as an internal audit criteria.
The other options are valid audit trails because they are related to the information security incident management process, and they can provide useful evidence to evaluate the conformity and effectiveness of the process. For example:
*Option A is valid because it relates to control A.5.29, which requires the organisation to establish procedures to isolate and quarantine areas subject to information security incidents, in order to prevent further damage and preserve evidence5. The audit trail should collect evidence on how the organisation implements and tests these procedures, and how they ensure the continuity of information security during disruption.
*Option B is valid because it relates to control A.6.8, which requires the organisation to establish mechanisms for reporting information security events and weaknesses, and to ensure that they are communicated in a timely manner to the appropriate levels within the organisation6. The audit trail should collect evidence on how the organisation defines and uses these mechanisms, and how they monitor and review the reporting process.
*Option C is valid because it relates to clause 7.2, which requires the organisation to provide information security awareness, education, and training to all persons under its control, and to evaluate the effectiveness of these activities7. The audit trail should collect evidence on how the organisation identifies the information security training needs, how they deliver and record the training, and how they measure the learning outcomes and feedback.
*Option D is valid because it relates to control A.5.27, which requires the organisation to learn from information security incidents and to implement corrective actions to prevent recurrence or reduce impact8.
The audit trail should collect evidence on how the organisation analyses and documents the root causes and consequences of information security incidents, how they identify and implement corrective actions, and how they verify the effectiveness of these actions.
*Option F is valid because it relates to control A.5.30, which requires the organisation to establish and maintain a business continuity plan to ensure the availability of information and information processing facilities in the event of a severe information security incident9. The audit trail should collect evidence on how the organisation develops and updates the business continuity plan, how they test and review the plan, and how they communicate and train the relevant personnel on the plan.
References: 1: ISO 19011:2018, 6.2;
2: ISO/IEC 27001:2022, A.6.8.1;
3: ISO/IEC 27001:2022, 5.2;
4: ISO/IEC 27035:2016, Introduction;
5: ISO/IEC 27001:2022, A.5.29;
6: ISO/IEC 27001:2022, A.6.8;
7: ISO/IEC 27001:2022, 7.2;
8: ISO/IEC 27001:2022, A.5.27;
9: ISO/IEC 27001:2022, A.5.30;
10: ISO 19011:2018;
11: ISO/IEC 27001:2022;
12: ISO/IEC 27001:2022;
13: ISO/IEC 27035:2016;
14: ISO/IEC 27001:2022;
15: ISO/IEC 27001:2022;
16: ISO/IEC 27001:2022;
17: ISO/IEC 27001:2022;
18: ISO/IEC 27001:2022
質問 # 418
場景9：UpNet是一家網路公司，已通過ISO/IEC 27001認證。
自從獲得 ISO/IEC 27001 認證以來，該公司的認可度大幅提高。此認證證實了 UpNefs 營運的成熟性及其符合廣泛認可和接受的標準。
但認證之後一切還沒結束。 UpNet 透過進行內部稽核不斷審查和增強其安全控制以及 ISMS 的整體有效性和效率。高階主管不願意聘請全職內部稽核團隊，因此決定將內部稽核職能外包。這種形式的內部稽核確保了獨立性、客觀性，並且在 ISMS 的持續改進方面發揮諮詢作用。
在初次認證審核後不久，該公司創建了一個專門從事數據和儲存產品的新部門。他們提供針對資料中心和基於軟體的網路設備（例如網路虛擬化和網路安全設備）進行最佳化的路由器和交換器。這導致 ISMS 認證範圍內已涵蓋的其他部門的營運發生變化。
所以。 UpNet 啟動了風險評估流程和內部稽核。根據內部審計結果，公司確認了現有和新流程和控制的有效性和效率。
由於新部門符合 ISO/IEC 27001 要求，最高管理層決定將其納入認證範圍。 UpNet宣布取得ISO/IEC 27001認證，認證範圍涵蓋全公司。
在初次認證審核一年後，認證機構對 UpNefs ISMS 進行了另一次審核。
此次審核旨在確定 UpNefs ISMS 是否符合指定的 ISO/IEC 27001 要求，並確保 ISMS 持續改善。審核小組確認，經過認證的 ISMS 繼續符合標準的要求。儘管如此，新部門對管理體系的治理產生了重大影響。此外，認證機構並未獲悉任何變更。因此，UpNefs認證被暫停。
根據上述場景，回答以下問題：
UpNet 確保內部稽核的獨立性、客觀性和諮詢活動。這個動作可以接受嗎？
正解：A
解説：
Yes, this action is acceptable. The internal audits being outsourced ensure independence and objectivity and allow the audit function to serve its advisory role effectively, in line with ISO/IEC 27001 requirements. The independence enhances the credibility and reliability of the audit results.
質問 # 419
資料完整性意味著
正解：A
解説：
Integrity of data means accuracy and completeness of the data. Integrity is one of the three main objectives of information security, along with confidentiality and availability. Integrity ensures that information and systems are not corrupted, modified, or deleted by unauthorized actions or events. Data should be viewable at all times is not related to integrity, but to availability. Data should be accessed by only the right people is not related to integrity, but to confidentiality. References: : CQI & IRCA ISO 27001:2022 Lead Auditor Course Handbook, page 24. : [ISO/IEC 27001 Brochures | PECB], page 4.
質問 # 420
問題
ABC製造公司在監管嚴格的化學工業運作。儘管公司已建立內部控制機制，但由於產業的複雜性，仍面臨許多挑戰，導致其資訊安全管理系統(ISMS)可能有缺陷。
這種情況代表哪種類型的風險？
正解：A
解説：
The scenario represents inherent risk, making option A the correct answer. Inherent risk refers to the susceptibility of a process, system, or organization to errors or failures due to its nature, environment, or complexity, independent of the effectiveness of internal controls.
ABC Manufacturing operates in a highly regulated and complex chemical industry. Such environments naturally involve complicated regulatory requirements, hazardous materials, and stringent compliance obligations. These characteristics increase the likelihood of errors or ISMS defects simply because of the industry's complexity, even when internal controls exist. This is the defining feature of inherent risk.
Option B is incorrect because control risk relates to the possibility that internal controls fail to prevent or detect issues. In the scenario, controls are in place, but the risk arises from the complexity of the industry itself rather than a failure of controls. Option C is incorrect because detection risk concerns the auditor's ability to detect existing issues during an audit, not the organization's operational environment.
In ISO/IEC 27001 audits, understanding inherent risk is essential for planning audit focus and depth. Highly regulated industries naturally carry higher inherent risk due to complexity and compliance demands.
Therefore, the scenario clearly represents inherent risk.
質問 # 421
場景三：Rebuildy是一家位於泰國曼谷的建築公司，專門從事住宅建築的設計、建造和維護。為了確保敏感專案資料和客戶資訊的安全，Rebuildy決定實施基於ISO/IEC 27001的資訊安全管理系統(ISMS)。這包括對資訊安全風險的全面理解、明確的持續改進方法以及穩健的業務解決方案。
資訊安全管理系統(ISMS)的實施成果如下所示。
*資訊安全是透過應用一系列安全控制措施並建立政策、流程和程序來實現的。
*安全控制措施是根據風險評估實施的，旨在消除風險或將風險降低到可接受的水平。
*所有流程均基於計劃-執行-檢查-改進(PDCA)模型，確保資訊安全管理系統的持續改進。
*資訊安全策略是根據最佳安全實踐制定的安全手冊的一部分，因此它不是一份獨立的文件。
*每位員工的崗位職責中都已明確規定了資訊安全方面的角色和責任。
*資訊安全管理系統的管理評審依計畫間隔進行。
在兩次中期管理評審和一次年度內部審計之後，Rebuildy公司申請了認證。在認證審計之前，Rebuildy公司的一名前員工聯繫了審計團隊成員，告知他們Rebuildy公司存在多項安全問題，但公司試圖掩蓋這些問題。該前員工向審計團隊成員提供了書面證據。 Rebuildy公司的重要客戶Electra公司也提交了關於相同問題的證據，審計人員決定採納Electra公司的證據，而不是前員工提供的證據。在審計完成之前，審計團隊成員一直與Electra公司保持聯繫，討論審計過程中發現的不符合。 Electra公司提供了補充證據來支持這些發現。
審核開始，審核小組對公司高階主管進行了訪談。訪談內容包括高階主管對資訊安全管理系統(ISMS)實施的承諾等。訪談中所獲得的證據以書面確認的形式記錄下來，用於判定Rebuildy公司是否符合ISO/IEC 27001標準的若干條款。從Electra公司獲得的書面證據連同不符合項報告一起附在了審核報告中。其中，發現的不符合項包括：
*公司財務報告系統中偵測到使用者存取控制設定不當的情況。
公司尚未制定獨立的資訊安全策略。取而代之的是，該公司使用根據最佳安全實踐編寫的安全手冊。
收到審計團隊提交的文件後，團隊負責人與Rebuildy的高階主管會面，報告了審計結果。審計團隊報告了與財務報告系統和缺乏獨立資訊安全策略相關的問題。高階管理人員對審查結果表示不滿，並暗示審計團隊負責人的行為不專業，可能要求更換負責人。在壓力之下，審計團隊負責人決定與高階主管合作，淡化已發現的違規問題的嚴重性。因此，審計團隊負責人修改了報告，使其呈現出更有利的一面，從而歪曲了Rebuildy合規問題的真實程度。
根據以上情景，回答以下問題：
問題：
根據情境3，審核團隊利用從高階主管訪談中獲得的資訊來確定Rebuildy是否符合ISO/IEC 27001的若干條款。這種做法是否可以接受？
正解：C
解説：
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:
* B. Correct Answer:
* Audit evidence can come from interviews, observations, and documentation.
* Verbal evidence from top management is acceptable if documented and confirmed in writing.
* A. Incorrect:
* ISO 19011 allows verbal evidence as long as it is substantiated.
* C. Incorrect:
* Interviews alone are not sufficient-additional verification is required.
Relevant Standard Reference:
* ISO 19011:2018 Clause 6.4.6 (Reviewing Documented Information)
質問 # 422
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