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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Social Engineering | 6% | - Countermeasures & Awareness - Identity Theft - Social Engineering Concepts - Phishing, Pretexting, Baiting |
| Enumeration | 7% | - DNS, SMTP, NFS Enumeration - AI-Driven Enumeration - Enumeration Countermeasures - Enumeration Concepts - NetBIOS, SNMP, LDAP Enumeration |
| Malware Threats | 7% | - Malware Types: Trojans, Viruses, Worms - AI-Powered Malware - Malware Analysis & Countermeasures - APT & Fileless Malware |
| Introduction to Ethical Hacking | 5% | - Information Security Concepts - Legal and Ethical Compliance - Cyber Kill Chain & MITRE ATT&CK - Ethical Hacking Methodology |
| IoT & OT Security | 4% | - Security Controls - Attacks on IoT & OT Systems - IoT/OT Architecture & Risks |
| Sniffing | 5% | - Sniffing Tools & Techniques - Sniffing Countermeasures - Packet Sniffing Concepts - MITM Attacks |
| Cloud Computing | 5% | - AWS, Azure, GCP Attacks - Cloud Security Risks - Cloud Security Best Practices - Cloud Models & Services |
| Web Server & Application Attacks | 8% | - SQL Injection & Command Injection - Web Server Vulnerabilities - API Security Risks - Web Application Attacks: XSS, CSRF - Web Security Countermeasures |
| Session Hijacking | 4% | - Session Hijacking Concepts - Hijacking Techniques - Countermeasures - Application & Network Level Hijacking |
| Vulnerability Analysis | 8% | - Vulnerability Classification & Scoring - Vulnerability Assessment Lifecycle - Vulnerability Research & Databases - Scanning & Analysis Tools |
| Denial-of-Service | 4% | - DDoS Tools - Defense Mechanisms - Attack Techniques & Botnets - DoS & DDoS Concepts |
| Scanning Networks | 8% | - Scanning Beyond IDS/Firewall - Scanning Countermeasures - AI-Assisted Scanning - Host & Port Discovery - Service & OS Fingerprinting - Network Scanning Basics |
| Mobile Platforms | 4% | - Mobile Device Security - Mobile Attack Vectors - Android & iOS Vulnerabilities |
| Evading IDS, Firewalls, and Honeypots | 5% | - Honeypot Concepts & Detection - Evasion Techniques - IDS, IPS, Firewall Technologies |
| Wireless Networks | 5% | - Wireless Encryption: WEP, WPA2, WPA3 - Security Best Practices - Wireless Hacking Tools - Wireless Threats & Attacks |
| System Hacking | 8% | - Maintaining Access - Clearing Tracks & Logs - Privilege Escalation - Gaining Access: Password Attacks |
| Cryptography | 5% | - Public Key Infrastructure - Cryptography in Practice - Encryption Concepts & Algorithms - Cryptanalysis & Attacks |
| Footprinting and Reconnaissance | 7% | - Reconnaissance Concepts - OSINT Techniques - DNS, WHOIS, Network Mapping - Reconnaissance Countermeasures |
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NEW QUESTION # 180
This is an attack that takes advantage of a web site vulnerability in which the site displays content that includes un-sanitized user-provided data.
What is this attack?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:
The code shown in the image is indicative of a Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) attack, where malicious JavaScript is injected into a web page via user input. In this case, the attacker includes:
* %3Cscript%20src=...%3E - URL-encoded JavaScript tag to load a malicious script from an external source.
* If the web application echoes this input back without sanitization, the script will execute in the context of the victim's browser.
This allows the attacker to:
* Steal cookies/session tokens
* Perform actions on behalf of the victim
* Redirect the victim to malicious websites
From CEH v13 Courseware:
* Module 10: Web Application Hacking # Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
Reference:CEH v13 Study Guide - Module 10: Types of XSS (Stored, Reflected, DOM)OWASP Top 10 - A7: Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
NEW QUESTION # 181
You are leading an internal red team assessment for a multinational bank with a highly complex and distributed IT infrastructure. Your team is required to simulate attacks across cloud services, servers, and remote endpoints. Due to the sheer scale of the environment, you deploy an AI-based platform that automatically scans the entire network, flags anomalies based on prior breach data, and adjusts its threat detection models as new attack behaviors are encountered.
What key benefit of AI-driven ethical hacking is most critical to your success in this scenario?
Answer: D
Explanation:
The most critical benefit in this scenario is scalability. CEH-aligned guidance on modern ethical hacking emphasizes that large, distributed enterprise environments create a fundamental operational challenge: the number of assets, configurations, cloud services, and remote endpoints is too large for purely manual assessment methods to maintain consistent coverage within acceptable timelines. The question highlights exactly this constraint by stating "highly complex and distributed" infrastructure and the "sheer scale of the environment." An AI-driven platform that "automatically scans the entire network" and continuously flags anomalies is primarily valuable because it can expand assessment coverage across many systems simultaneously, helping the red team evaluate more of the attack surface efficiently.
While predictive analysis is a real AI capability, the scenario's success requirement is not forecasting future attacks; it is executing assessment activities at enterprise scale and keeping pace as conditions change.
Simulation and testing is what red teams do regardless of AI, but AI's differentiator here is the ability to perform continuous, large-scale discovery and prioritization across cloud, servers, and endpoints without proportional increases in human effort. Enhanced reporting helps communicate results, but it is not the primary operational limiter described.
Additionally, the prompt mentions adapting detection models as new behaviors appear. That supports continuous operation, but the deciding factor is still the ability to operate across a massive environment and maintain broad visibility. Therefore, scalability is the key benefit most critical to success in this scenario.
NEW QUESTION # 182
During the process of encryption and decryption, what keys are shared?
Answer: D
Explanation:
Public-key cryptography, or asymmetric cryptography, is a cryptographic system that uses pairs of keys:
public keys (which may be known to others), and private keys (which may never be known by any except the owner). The generation of such key pairs depends on cryptographic algorithms which are based on mathematical problems termed one-way functions. Effective security requires keeping the private key private; the public key can be openly distributed without compromising security.
In such a system, any person can encrypt a message using the intended receiver's public key, but that encrypted message can only be decrypted with the receiver's private key. This allows, for instance, a server program to generate a cryptographic key intended for a suitable symmetric-key cryptography, then to use a client's openly-shared public key to encrypt that newly generated symmetric key. The server can then send this encrypted symmetric key over an insecure channel to the client; only the client can decrypt it using the client's private key (which pairs with the public key used by the server to encrypt the message). With the client and server both having the same symmetric key, they can safely use symmetric key encryption (likely much faster) to communicate over otherwise-insecure channels. This scheme has the advantage of not having to manually pre-share symmetric keys (a fundamentally difficult problem) while gaining the higher data throughput advantage of symmetric-key cryptography.
With public-key cryptography, robust authentication is also possible. A sender can combine a message with a private key to create a short digital signature on the message. Anyone with the sender's corresponding public key can combine that message with a claimed digital signature; if the signature matches the message, the origin of the message is verified (i.e., it must have been made by the owner of the corresponding private key).
Public key algorithms are fundamental security primitives in modern cryptosystems, including applications and protocols which offer assurance of the confidentiality, authenticity and non-repudiability of electronic communications and data storage. They underpin numerous Internet standards, such as Transport Layer Security (TLS), S/MIME, PGP, and GPG. Some public key algorithms provide key distribution and secrecy (e.
g., Diffie-Hellman key exchange), some provide digital signatures (e.g., Digital Signature Algorithm), and some provide both (e.g., RSA). Compared to symmetric encryption, asymmetric encryption is rather slower than good symmetric encryption, too slow for many purposes. Today's cryptosystems (such as TLS, Secure Shell) use both symmetric encryption and asymmetric encryption.
NEW QUESTION # 183
At a financial headquarters in Denver, Colorado, ethical hacker Jordan Lee moves beyond cataloging IoT devices and begins testing them for weaknesses. He runs specialized tools against smart lighting and HVAC systems to check for outdated firmware, default passwords, and open service ports. Which step of the IoT hacking methodology is Jordan carrying out?
Answer: B
Explanation:
Checking devices for outdated firmware, default credentials, and open ports involves systematically identifying weaknesses, which corresponds to the vulnerability scanning step in the IoT hacking methodology.
NEW QUESTION # 184
What is the common name for a vulnerability disclosure program opened by companies In platforms such as HackerOne?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Bug bounty programs allow independent security researchers to report bugs to an companies and receive rewards or compensation. These bugs area unit sometimes security exploits and vulnerabilities, although they will additionally embody method problems, hardware flaws, and so on.
The reports area unit usually created through a program travel by associate degree freelance third party (like Bugcrowd or HackerOne). The companies can got wind of (and run) a program curated to the organization's wants.
Programs is also non-public (invite-only) wherever reports area unit unbroken confidential to the organization or public (where anyone will sign in and join). they will happen over a collection timeframe or with without stopping date (though the second possibility is a lot of common).
Who uses bug bounty programs?Many major organizations use bug bounties as an area of their security program, together with AOL, Android, Apple, Digital Ocean, and goldman Sachs. you'll read an inventory of all the programs offered by major bug bounty suppliers, Bugcrowd and HackerOne, at these links.
Why do corporations use bug bounty programs?Bug bounty programs provide corporations the flexibility to harness an outsized cluster of hackers so as to seek out bugs in their code.
This gives them access to a bigger variety of hackers or testers than they'd be able to access on a one-on-one basis. It {can also|also will|can even|may also|may} increase the probabilities that bugs area unit found and reported to them before malicious hackers can exploit them.
It may also be an honest publicity alternative for a firm. As bug bounties became a lot of common, having a bug bounty program will signal to the general public and even regulators that a corporation incorporates a mature security program.
This trend is likely to continue, as some have began to see bug bounty programs as an business normal that all companies ought to invest in.
Why do researchers and hackers participate in bug bounty programs?Finding and news bugs via a bug bounty program may end up in each money bonuses and recognition. In some cases, it will be a good thanks to show real-world expertise once you are looking for employment, or will even facilitate introduce you to parents on the protection team within an companies.
This can be full time income for a few of us, income to supplement employment, or the way to point out off your skills and find a full time job.
It may also be fun! it is a nice (legal) probability to check out your skills against huge companies and government agencies.
What area unit the disadvantages of a bug bounty program for independent researchers and hackers?A lot of hackers participate in these varieties of programs, and it will be tough to form a major quantity of cash on the platform.
In order to say the reward, the hacker has to be the primary person to submit the bug to the program. meaning that in apply, you may pay weeks searching for a bug to use, solely to be the person to report it and build no cash.
Roughly ninety seven of participants on major bug bounty platforms haven't sold-out a bug.
In fact, a 2019 report from HackerOne confirmed that out of quite three hundred,000 registered users, solely around two.5% received a bounty in their time on the platform.
Essentially, most hackers are not creating a lot of cash on these platforms, and really few square measure creating enough to switch a full time wage (plus they do not have advantages like vacation days, insurance, and retirement planning).
What square measure the disadvantages of bug bounty programs for organizations?These programs square measure solely helpful if the program ends up in the companies realizeing issues that they weren't able to find themselves (and if they'll fix those problems)!
If the companies is not mature enough to be able to quickly rectify known problems, a bug bounty program is not the right alternative for his or her companies.
Also, any bug bounty program is probably going to draw in an outsized range of submissions, several of which can not be high-quality submissions. a corporation must be ready to cope with the exaggerated volume of alerts, and also the risk of a coffee signal to noise magnitude relation (essentially that it's probably that they're going to receive quite few unhelpful reports for each useful report).
Additionally, if the program does not attract enough participants (or participants with the incorrect talent set, and so participants are not able to establish any bugs), the program is not useful for the companies.
The overwhelming majority of bug bounty participants consider web site vulnerabilities (72%, per HackerOn), whereas solely a number of (3.5%) value more highly to seek for package vulnerabilities.
This is probably because of the actual fact that hacking in operation systems (like network hardware and memory) needs a big quantity of extremely specialised experience. this implies that firms may even see vital come on investment for bug bounties on websites, and not for alternative applications, notably those that need specialised experience.
This conjointly implies that organizations which require to look at AN application or web site among a selected time-frame may not need to rely on a bug bounty as there is no guarantee of once or if they receive reports.
Finally, it are often probably risky to permit freelance researchers to try to penetrate your network. this could end in public speech act of bugs, inflicting name harm within the limelight (which could end in individuals not eager to purchase the organizations' product or service), or speech act of bugs to additional malicious third parties, United Nations agency may use this data to focus on the organization.
NEW QUESTION # 185
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