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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Anesthesia | 13% | - Pre-anesthetic assessment and preparation - Recovery and emergency management - Anesthetic agents, equipment, monitoring |
| Topic 2: Pharmacy and Pharmacology | 13% | - Preparation, dispensing, storage, safety and disposal - Controlled substance management - Anatomy, physiology, pathophysiology related to agents - Drug classification, dosage calculation, administration routes |
| Topic 3: Communication and Veterinary Professional Support Services | 5% | - Practice management, team collaboration - Client education, communication techniques - Medical records, ethics, legal and regulatory compliance |
| Topic 4: Animal Care and Nursing | 20% | - Husbandry, nutrition, fluid therapy - Infection control, sanitation, isolation - Physical examination, patient assessment - Specialized care for exotic, large or neonatal patients |
| Topic 5: Pain Management / Analgesia | 7% | - Pain assessment, pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic control - Multimodal analgesia protocols |
| Topic 6: Dentistry | 7% | - Periodontal care and patient education - Dental cleaning, polishing, radiography - Dental anatomy, disease recognition |
| Topic 7: Surgical Nursing | 13% | - Wound management, suture materials and techniques - Intraoperative and postoperative care - Surgical preparation, instrumentation, aseptic technique |
| Topic 8: Emergency Medicine / Critical Care | 7% | - Toxicology, trauma, first aid procedures - Triage, shock, respiratory/cardiac emergencies |
| Topic 9: Diagnostic Imaging | 6% | - Radiography: positioning, safety, technique - Ultrasound, other imaging modalities - Image quality assessment and documentation |
| Topic 10: Laboratory Procedures | 9% | - Sample collection, handling and processing - Parasitology, microbiology, cytology - Hematology, clinical chemistry, urinalysis |
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NEW QUESTION # 535
Praziquantel is an anthelmintic medication used to treat which of the following in cattle?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Praziquantel is an anthelmintic medication in the tetrahydropyrimidine family used to treat trematodes (flukes) and cestodes (tapeworms) in cattle, dogs, cats, sheep, goats, pigs, and horses. It is considered to be a safe medication, though it may cause vomiting at very high doses.
Nematodes, including lungworms specifically, and protozoa like Giardia, are not susceptible to praziquantel.
NEW QUESTION # 536
You have been asked to obtain a blood sample for an ELISA snap test to evaluate a dog for heartworm and a few tickborne diseases. The dog has no clinical signs of disease. Still, the owner did lapse on the flea/tick prevention and heartworm preventative and wants to restart the heartworm medication as soon as possible. You obtain the sample, run the test, and find that the dog is positive for heartworm and Borrelia burgdorferi (Lyme disease).
However, what does the positive finding mean for the organism that causes Lyme when interpreting these results?
Answer: A
Explanation:
ELISA tests can quantify either the amount of antigen of an organism or antibodies to an organism. With the SNAP4DX, the test measures antibodies against the different organisms for four tickborne diseases. When present (positive test result), antibodies show exposure to the organism. However, the body may have cleared the organism, had insufficient quantities to cause disease, or been exposed in the past. (How long a test remains positive for antibodies varies with the organism being evaluated). Antibodies simply tell us that the body's immune system responded to exposure. This dog without clinical signs may never develop signs of Lyme disease. The positive test does tell us that the dog is exposed to ticks that carry Lyme and should be started back on flea/tick prevention as soon as possible.
Thus, the heartworm component of the test measures antigen, not antibodies, and suggests active infection with the organism. However, an additional confirmatory test and an evaluation for microfilariae are warranted because we can see false positives.
No test can tell us if clinical signs are not present or if they will develop, per se. However, suppose no intervention is taken with heartworm disease. In that case, we know from the natural course of disease that the pet could eventually die from the disease.
False positives and negatives are always possible in any test, hence, the need for confirmatory tests when warranted.
NEW QUESTION # 537
Propofol is ideal in which of the following surgical situations?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Propofol is a nonbarbiturate hypnotic agent. For very short-term anesthesia as a sole agent, a single intravenous bolus of propofol generally only lasts 2 to 5 minutes. It is most commonly used as an anesthetic induction agent.
Propofol provides poor analgesia and is not appropriate for invasive procedures alone.
NEW QUESTION # 538
Which of the following is an example of blunt force trauma?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Falling from a balcony is an example of blunt force trauma. Blunt force trauma is any injury resulting from significant impact sustained by the body.
A gunshot wound and a bite wound from another animal are examples of penetrating trauma.
Biting an electrical cord is dangerous, but is not an example of trauma.
Joanna M. Bassert, VMD. McCurnin's Clinical Textbook for Veterinary Technicians, 9th Edition. Pg 859.
Mosby's Comprehensive Review for Veterinary Technicians 5th Edition. Pg 578-579.
NEW QUESTION # 539
You are triaging a patient who was recently in a dog fight but appears stable. The wound is not actively bleeding, but the dog is still in the car. You have concerns that the dog is in pain and know that you will need to restrain him to obtain vitals and have the veterinarian evaluate him. The dog was bitten on a hind leg, and the head is right by the door. The dog is not lunging or biting and is licking your hand and wagging his tail like crazy when you go to his head. However, you want to ensure you get him safely out of the car without causing harm to you, your staff, the owner, the dog, or the veterinarian who will evaluate him when moving him to the stretcher.
Which of the following is the least acceptable option for an otherwise friendly dog?
Answer: A
Explanation:
The best option for a dog who is in pain, but who is friendly and allows gentle petting of the head, would be to fit an e-collar on the pet. While technically not a restraint device, it does provide a barrier between you and the body part causing pain. Additionally, some dogs resent having their snout closed or anything on their muzzle, even basket muzzles, which still allow panting. The e-collar will be necessary for wound licking prevention post-treatment and evaluation, and can provide safety with minimal restraint. Recall that the question clearly states the dog is friendly, and he is giving you kisses. A muzzle is potentially overkill and may stress the patient out. However, some dogs do not readily accept an e-collar, so a muzzle may be needed. It is never wrong for the technician to place a muzzle if safely placed.
Ideally, we do not recommend that the owners place muzzles, as that creates a liability for the practice if the pet parent were to get hurt putting the muzzle in place. However, some dogs will not allow staff to put on a muzzle, but are trained or readily accept them when placed by an owner.
Muzzles are not without risk. Basket muzzles allow a pet to pant and open their mouth slightly, and are ideal for brachycephalic facial structures, those with craniofacial injury, or those with tachypnea that need to open-mouth breathe. Basket muzzles are ideal for many different breeds, as they permit panting and allow treat administration.
Thus, the correct answer, in other words, what you would not want to do, would be to loop the leash through the choke chain. Not only are choke chains not restraint devices, but veterinarians do not recommend their use in general. Choke chains are theoretically used to correct unwanted behavior. However, they can pinch the skin, cause harm, and do not provide any protection from sharp teeth.
NEW QUESTION # 540
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