P.S. Fast2test在Google Drive上分享了免費的2026 Fortinet FCSS_NST_SE-7.6考試題庫：https://drive.google.com/open?id=1VOr38H0fDPgC8lMaOtaFMGmcLoCqt86Z
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問題 #96
Refer to the exhibit.
The sniffer log on two FortiGate devices are shown. Based on the information in the log, which two factors explain the output on FortiGate FGT-02? (Choose two answers)
答案：A,D
解題說明：
Comprehensive and Detailed 150 to 200 words of Explanation From Exact Extract of Network Security
7.6 documents:
The output on FGT-01 confirms that the device is actively encapsulating traffic and sending it as ESP packets (Protocol 50) out of port1 towards the IP address 97.86.16.52. The logs show outgoing packets, which confirms FGT-01 is attempting to initiate or maintain the tunnel and that NAT-Traversal is not being used (as it uses raw ESP).
The output on FGT-02, however, displays (no packets captured). This is significant because the sniffer command diagnose sniffer packet any 'esp' captures traffic at the network interface level (ingress), regardless of whether a matching VPN configuration exists on the receiving unit. The absence of packets proves that the ESP traffic generated by FGT-01 is physically not arriving at FGT-02's interface.
This behavior is explained by two primary factors:
* Option A (Blocking): An intermediate device, such as an ISP router or firewall, is dropping Protocol
50 traffic. Unlike UDP 500/4500, raw ESP is often blocked by default on many networks or legacy devices.
* Option C (Routing/Misconfiguration): If the administrator configured the wrong remote peer IP on FGT-01, the packets are being routed to a different destination entirely. Consequently, they never arrive at FGT-02 to be captured.
Option B is incorrect because even without a configured VPN tunnel, the sniffer would still display the incoming ESP packets if they were reaching the interface. Option D is incorrect because FGT-01 is sending ESP, making 'esp' the correct filter.
問題 #97
Refer to the exhibit, which shows the output o! the BGP database.
Which two statements are correct? (Choose two.)
答案：B,D
解題說明：
For Option A:In Fortinet BGP (and standard BGP), when a prefix is displayed with an "i" (lowercase i) in the Path column, it represents an internal prefix that originated from the local router, typically configured via the BGP "network" command. In the exhibit, the prefix 10.20.30.0/24 is listed with a Path value of i, indicating it was injected into BGP by the local router using the network statement, not via redistribution from another routing protocol. The same logic applies to i as documented: "Origin code 'i' means the route was injected via the network command." For Option D:The get router info bgp network output is a summary table displaying both local and received BGP routes. It lists all known routes to the BGP process, whether received from peers or originated locally. The exhibit shows all BGP prefixes known to the local router, matching the official admin guide's description of this command's output.
Explanation for B and C:
The phrase "legacy route advertisement" is not formalized in BGP documentation or Fortinet's admin guide; the output uses standard BGP mechanics.
If a route was redistributed into BGP from another routing protocol, the Path field would display a "?" (question mark) for incomplete (redistributed) origin. Here the /24 route has "i" so it is NOT a redistribution.
References:
FortiOS Administration Guide: BGP Configuration and Route Table Interpretation Official BGP Command Reference: Show BGP Network, Path Codes, Route Origination Indicators
問題 #98
What can cause an IKEv2 tunnel to go down after it was initially brought up successfully?
答案：C
解題說明：
The correct answer is A.
The study guide explains the IKEv2 exchange order very clearly:
"The initial exchanges are: IKE_SA_INIT and IKE_AUTH."
"Create_Child_SA exchange: Creates a new child SA or rekeys an existing child SA." It also states:
"After successful IKE_SA_INIT and IKE_AUTH exchanges, the CHILD_SA exchange takes place. In this exchange, the peers negotiate the CHILD_SA and the traffic selectors - traffic selector responder (TSr) and traffic selector initiator (TSi)." That is why A is correct: if the tunnel was initially brought up successfully, then the initial exchanges already succeeded. A later problem during CREATE_CHILD_SA, especially with traffic selectors/phase 2 selectors, can cause the tunnel to fail during rekey or child-SA renegotiation.
Why the other options are wrong:
B is wrong because proposal mismatch for the IKE SA is handled during IKE_SA_INIT, not after the tunnel is already up. The study guide says IKE_SA_INIT negotiates the security settings to protect the IKE traffic C is wrong because a pre-shared key mismatch is part of authentication and would prevent successful initial establishment during IKE_AUTH. The study guide shows that after IKE_AUTH, "authentication succeeded" and "established IKE SA" when it works D is wrong because a Diffie-Hellman mismatch belongs to IKE_SA_INIT, which happens before the tunnel comes up. The study guide also states: "By IKEv2 design, no Diffie-Hellman public key is exchanged during an IKE_AUTH exchange." So the verified answer is: A.
問題 #99
Refer to the exhibit.
The partial output of diagnose sys session stat command is shown.
Which statement about the output shown in the exhibit is correct?
答案：B
解題說明：
The correct answer is C .
The exhibit shows:
* 562 in ESTABLISHED state
* 27 in CLOSE state
* memory_tension_drop=0
* ephemeral=0/131072
According to the study guide, for TCP sessions: "The protocol state in the session table is a two-digit number. For TCP, the first number (from left to right) is related to the server-side state and is 0 when the session is not subject to any inspection (flow or proxy)... The second digit is the client-side state." The same page also shows that value 1 = ESTABLISHED So, if a TCP session is in ESTABLISHED state and there is no inspection , its proto_state is 01 :
* first digit 0 = no inspection
* second digit 1 = ESTABLISHED
That makes C correct. This is also consistent with FortiOS examples showing established TCP sessions with proto=6 proto_state=01 Why the other options are wrong:
* A is wrong because the field that indicates sessions dropped due to low free memory is memory_tension_drop, and in the exhibit it is 0 , not 113. The study guide states: "If there is a lack of free memory, the kernel deletes the oldest sessions. The command shown on this slide displays the number of sessions the kernel deleted because of this mechanism." So 113 is the clash value, not memory-tension drops.
* B is wrong because ephemeral=0/131072 does not mean 131072 ephemeral sessions were recorded.
The study guide explains that FortiGate "sets a hard limit on the maximum number of ephemeral sessions that can exist at the same time in the session table." Therefore:
* 0 = current ephemeral sessions
* 131072 = maximum allowed ephemeral sessions for that model/context
* D is wrong because the study guide says the temporary retention for possible out-of-order packets happens in state value 5 (TIME_WAIT) : "When a session is closed by both the sender and receiver, FortiGate keeps that session in the session table for a few seconds, to allow for any out- of-order packets that might arrive after the FIN/ACK packet. This is the state value 5." But the exhibit shows 27 in CLOSE state , and the same table shows CLOSE = 6 , not TIME_WAIT So the verified answer is C .
問題 #100
Refer to the exhibit.
The exhibit shows a session entry.
Which statement about this TCP session is true?
答案：C
解題說明：
To determine the correct statement, we must analyze the specific fields in the diagnose sys session list output provided in the exhibit.
Analyze Option A (The session is offloaded using NP7):
Evidence: The key indicator is the line npu info: flag=0x81/0x81, offload=8/8, ips_offload=1/1.
This specific npu info output format, particularly the offload=8/8 and ips_offload=1/1 counters, is characteristic of NP7 (Network Processor 7) acceleration.
Legacy NP6 processors typically display np6_0 flags or different offload state bitmaps. The NP7 architecture supports full hardware offloading of sessions including IPS (Intrusion Prevention System) processing, which is explicitly shown here as ips_offload. The offload=8/8 indicates that both the original and reply directions are fully offloaded to the NPU.
Analyze Option C (It is a TCP session from 10.9.31.117 to 10.1.0.3):
Evidence: The hook=post line shows the SNAT translation: 10.9.31.117:45388->200.8.57.5:443(10.1.0.3:
45388).
Source: 10.9.31.117 (The client).
Destination: 200.8.57.5 (The external server on port 443).
NAT IP: 10.1.0.3 is the IP address the FortiGate uses for Source NAT (SNAT) as traffic leaves the interface.
It is not the destination of the session.
Conclusion: This statement is False.
Analyze Option D (The session will expire in one second):
Evidence: The session info line displays expire=3599.
The expire counter indicates how many seconds remain until the session is removed (if no further packets are seen). A value of 3599 seconds indicates the session was just refreshed (likely having a 3600-second timeout) and will expire in approximately one hour, not one second.
Conclusion: This statement is False.
Analyze Option B (Return traffic to the initiator is sent to...):
While the gateway for reply traffic (gwy=.../10.9.31.117) suggests return traffic goes to that IP, Option A provides the definitive technical observation regarding the hardware architecture (NP7) tested in this exam module.
Reference:
FortiGate Security 7.6 Study Guide (Hardware Acceleration): "On NP7 platforms, the diagnose sys session list command includes an npu info line. offload=8/8 indicates the session is fully offloaded. ips_offload indicates the IPS engine on the NPU is inspecting the traffic."
問題 #101
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