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NEW QUESTION # 121
In the figure, a TCP connection has been established between PC1 and PC2. After PC1 sends a data segment to PC2, which of the following is the acknowledgment number in the packet returned by PC2?
Answer: A
Explanation:
In TCP, the acknowledgment number indicates the next byte that the receiver expects to receive. In the figure, PC1 sends a TCP segment to PC2 with sequence number = a+22 and payload length = 22 bytes. Since TCP sequence numbers count bytes, the last byte carried in this segment corresponds to sequence number a+43.
Therefore, after PC2 successfully receives this data, it sends back an ACK indicating that the next expected byte is a+44.
That is why option B is correct. This is a standard TCP reliability mechanism. TCP does not acknowledge
"packets" as units; it acknowledges the byte stream. The ACK number always points to the next byte expected from the peer. The source and destination port numbers identify the session, but the sequence and acknowledgment numbers track ordered delivery. HCIA-Datacom uses this mechanism to explain connection- oriented transport, reliable delivery, retransmission, and traffic control. Understanding how the payload length affects sequence progression is essential when analyzing packet captures and troubleshooting TCP communication problems in enterprise networks.
NEW QUESTION # 122
In the figure, a web client sends an HTTP request to a web server, and the router in between performs operations on the HTTP request. Which of the following statements are false about the router's operations?
(Select all that apply)
Answer: B,C,D
Explanation:
A router works mainly at the network layer. When it receives a frame, it removes the Layer 2 header and trailer, examines the destination IP address in the Layer 3 header, consults the routing table, selects the outgoing interface, and then re-encapsulates the packet into a new Layer 2 frame for the next hop. Therefore, statement B is true and is not part of the answer.
Statement A is false because the router does not create a new destination IP address during normal forwarding. The source and destination IP addresses remain unchanged end to end unless special functions such as NAT are used. Statement C is false because routing-table lookup is based on the destination IP address, not on TCP or UDP port numbers. Statement D is also false because normal IP routing does not inspect application-layer content to determine the outgoing interface. That decision is made from the network- layer destination address and the routing table. This question tests the layered forwarding logic of routers in TCP/IP networks.
NEW QUESTION # 123
The figure shows the simplified topology of an enterprise campus network. On this network, the aging time of dynamic MAC address entries on switches is 300 seconds. The administrator connects PC1 to GE1/0/1 of SW1, and PC2 successfully pings the IP address of PC1. The administrator disconnects the Ethernet cable of PC1 from GE1/0/1 of SW1, immediately connects the cable to GE1/0/2 of SW1, and connects GE1/0/1 of SW1 to another switch. Then, the administrator pings the IP address of PC1 from PC2. In this case, SW1 discards the data frame received from PC2.
Answer: B
Explanation:
Before PC1 is moved, PC2 successfully communicates with it, so SW1 learns PC1 ' s MAC address on GE1/0
/1. The dynamic MAC aging time is 300 seconds, and the cable move is performed immediately. Therefore, when PC2 sends the next frame to PC1, SW1 can still have the old destination MAC entry pointing to GE1/0
/1. The question then states that GE1/0/1 is connected to another switch, so the port remains physically usable.
SW1 follows the existing MAC table entry and forwards the frame out GE1/0/1 toward that new connection; it does not simply discard the frame. If PC1 subsequently transmits from GE1/0/2, SW1 can relearn the same source MAC on the new interface and update the entry, restoring correct forwarding. The core point is that dynamic MAC entries do not immediately disappear merely because the end station is physically moved when the original interface remains Up. Accordingly, the statement that SW1 discards the frame is FALSE, option B.
NEW QUESTION # 124
In the figure, the router only ensures network connectivity between the web client and server, and all devices are interconnected through Ethernet cables. When the web client sends an HTTP request to the web server, which layers ' header information in the HTTP request will the router check or modify? (Select all that apply)
Answer: A,B
Explanation:
A router performing conventional IP forwarding processes information primarily at the network layer and data link layer. Therefore, options A and D are correct.
At the data link layer, the router receives an Ethernet frame, examines its Layer 2 information, removes the incoming Ethernet encapsulation, and prepares a new Layer 2 frame for transmission through the outgoing interface.
At the network layer, the router examines the destination IP address, searches its routing table, selects an outgoing interface or next hop, and decreases the IPv4 Time to Live (TTL). It also updates the IPv4 header checksum.
The router does not normally examine HTTP application content or modify TCP transport information when performing standard routing. Those operations belong to higher-layer processing or additional services.
The HCIA-Datacom forwarding model distinguishes routing functions from transport-layer and application- layer processing.
NEW QUESTION # 125
PC1 at 192.168.1.1/24 and PC2 at 192.168.1.102/25 are directly connected using an Ethernet cable, and the physical status of their network ports are normal. They can directly communicate with each other although their masks are different.
Answer: B
Explanation:
Although the two PCs are physically connected and the link status is normal, IP communication requires both devices to be in the same logical subnet to communicate directly without a router.
PC1 uses 192.168.1.1/24, while PC2 uses 192.168.1.102/25, which places them in different subnet boundaries. Because their subnet masks differ, they are not in the same Layer 3 network, so direct communication is not guaranteed and generally not possible without routing or special configuration.
NEW QUESTION # 126
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